Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the mass number of an atom?

$$\text{Mass number} = \text{Number of protons} + \text{Number of neutrons}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between matter and energy in the context of anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Matter occupies space and has mass, while energy is the capacity to do work and does not occupy space or have mass.

Question 2

A baseball player hits a ball over the fence. Compared to a batter who just bunts the ball, what can be said about the energy expended?

Accepted Answer

The player who hits the ball over the fence uses more energy because more work is done to move the ball a greater distance.

Question 3

Which four elements make up approximately 96% of the human body’s weight?

Accepted Answer

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

Question 4

What is the atomic number of an element, and how is it related to the number of electrons in a neutral atom?

Accepted Answer

The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, and in a neutral atom, it equals the number of electrons.

Question 5

Given a carbon atom with 6 protons and 8 neutrons, what is its mass number?

Accepted Answer

$$14$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why isotopes of the same element have different mass numbers?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have different numbers of neutrons.

Question 7

A radioactive isotope emits alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. Which type has the greatest penetrating power and is most damaging to living tissue?

Accepted Answer

Gamma radiation

Question 8

If an atom of sodium (Na) has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23, how many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$12$$

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding molecules and compounds?

Accepted Answer

A compound is formed when two or more different kinds of atoms bond together.

Question 10

Which of the following is considered an inorganic compound, despite containing carbon?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide

Question 11

A solution contains 18 grams of water ($$H_2O). $$Given that the molecular weight of water is $$18 g/$$mol, what is the molarity if the total volume is $$1$$ liter?

Accepted Answer

$$1 M$$

Question 12

Which statement best describes a colloid in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Colloids are mixtures with solute particles larger than those in solutions, which scatter light but do not settle out.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why mixtures can be separated by physical means, but compounds cannot?

Accepted Answer

Mixtures do not involve chemical bonding between components, while compounds do.

Question 14

If an atom gains an electron, what does it become?

Accepted Answer

An ion of the same element

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the mass number of an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Mass number} = 	ext{Number of protons} + 	ext{Number of neutrons}$$

Question 16

A solution is described as having a concentration of $$0.5$$ moles per liter. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

There are $$0.5$$ moles of solute per liter of solution.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of water in biological solutions?

Accepted Answer

Water is the body’s main solvent and dissolving medium.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about atomic weight?

Accepted Answer

Atomic weight is the average of the mass numbers of all isotopes, weighted by their abundance.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a suspension in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Living blood cells suspended in the fluid portion of blood

Chemical Principles in Anatomy & Physiology: Matter, Energy, Atoms, Elements, and Mixtures

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