Question 1

Which of the following best explains why steroid hormones can cross the plasma membrane, while most amino acid–based hormones cannot?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones are lipid soluble, allowing them to diffuse through the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane.

Question 2

A patient is given a drug that inhibits the synthesis of cholesterol. Which class of hormone production would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones

Question 3

Which of the following hormones is most likely to be stored in vesicles and released by exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Peptide hormones

Question 4

Where in the cell are steroid hormones synthesized?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

Which of the following statements about eicosanoids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They act primarily as paracrines and autocrines, affecting only nearby cells.

Question 6

Amino acid–based hormones are generally unable to cross the plasma membrane. Which property is primarily responsible for this?

Accepted Answer

They are water soluble and the plasma membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of prostaglandins?

Accepted Answer

Stimulating the synthesis of steroid hormones in the adrenal cortex

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the chemical nature of most hormones produced by major endocrine organs?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid–based

Question 9

A researcher discovers a new hormone that is lipid soluble and can cross the plasma membrane. Which of the following is most likely true about this hormone?

Accepted Answer

It is synthesized from cholesterol.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why eicosanoids are not considered true hormones?

Accepted Answer

They act locally and do not influence distant targets.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the synthesis and release of peptide hormones?

Accepted Answer

Synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, stored in vesicles, released by exocytosis

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the solubility and transport of steroid hormones in the blood?

Accepted Answer

They are lipid soluble and often require carrier proteins for transport in the blood.

Question 13

A patient with a genetic defect that prevents the formation of arachidonic acid would have difficulty producing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Eicosanoids

Question 14

Which of the following is a common misconception about the action of eicosanoids?

Accepted Answer

They act as hormones that travel through the bloodstream to distant organs.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference in receptor location for steroid versus peptide hormones?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormone receptors are typically intracellular, while peptide hormone receptors are on the plasma membrane.

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct effect of prostaglandins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Enhancing pain and inflammation

Question 17

Amino acid–based hormones include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why peptide hormones have a shorter half-life in the blood compared to steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

They are water soluble and are rapidly degraded by enzymes in the plasma.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the synthesis of peptide hormones?

Accepted Answer

They are synthesized on ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 20

A patient is experiencing excessive inflammation and pain. Which class of signaling molecules is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Eicosanoids

Chemical Structure and Classification of Hormones

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