Question 1

Which of the following correctly categorizes the biological molecule 'lactase'?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Question 2

During protein synthesis, which organelle is primarily responsible for folding and modifying newly synthesized polypeptides?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 3

A mutation causes the gene for lactase to be transcribed but the resulting protein is nonfunctional. Which type of genetic alteration does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Alteration of the gene sequence

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why lactose intolerance is not considered an allergy?

Accepted Answer

It results from a lack of the enzyme lactase

Question 5

Where is lactase produced and where does it function in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Produced by enterocytes in the small intestine; functions at the brush border membrane

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the relationship between lactase and lactose?

Accepted Answer

Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down lactose

Question 7

A population has a high frequency of adults who can digest lactose. Which evolutionary explanation is most plausible?

Accepted Answer

They have a mutation that keeps the lactase gene active into adulthood

Question 8

Which structure is responsible for packaging proteins for transport to the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a component found in milk?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 10

Which process occurs in the nucleus during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 11

A child is able to digest lactose but develops a rash after consuming cow's milk. Which best explains this scenario?

Accepted Answer

The child has an allergy to cow's milk proteins

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the fate of proteins after they are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

They are transported to the Golgi apparatus for further modification

Question 13

Which of the following is a plausible reason why infants rarely exhibit lactose intolerance?

Accepted Answer

Infants rely on milk for nutrition and produce lactase

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the transport pathway of lactase from its site of synthesis to its functional location?

Accepted Answer

Synthesized in the rough ER, processed in the Golgi, transported via vesicles to the brush border membrane

Question 15

Which of the following statements about lactose intolerance in adults is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Most adults worldwide lose the ability to digest lactose

Question 16

Which of the following is a multi-step process that occurs during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription in the nucleus, translation at the ribosome, modification in the rough ER, packaging in the Golgi, transport via vesicles

Question 17

If a mutation affects the promoter region of the lactase gene, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The expression level of lactase changes

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why lactase persistence may have been selected for in certain populations?

Accepted Answer

It allowed adults to digest lactose during times when dairy was the only available food

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct chemical formula for lactose?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11}}$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of vesicles in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

They transport proteins between organelles

Chemistry & Cells: Biological Molecules, Protein Synthesis, and Lactose Intolerance

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