Q: Calculate the molecular weight of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) using the following atomic weights: C = 12, H = 1, O = 16.

$$(6 \times 12) + (12 \times 1) + (6 \times 16) = 180$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is a general term for two or more atoms bonded together, while a compound is a molecule with two or more different kinds of atoms bonded together.

Question 2

A solution contains 10 grams of salt dissolved in enough water to make 100 mL of solution. What is the percent concentration of salt in this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$10\%$$

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct example of a suspension found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Blood, because its cells settle out if left undisturbed.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about ionic bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in oppositely charged ions.

Question 5

A patient’s blood pH drops from 7.4 to 7.1. Which of the following best describes this change?

Accepted Answer

The blood has become more acidic.

Question 6

Which property of water allows a water strider to walk on the surface of a pond?

Accepted Answer

Surface tension due to hydrogen bonding

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolves easily in water?

Accepted Answer

Water forms hydrogen bonds with sodium and chloride ions, separating them.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a synthesis (anabolic) reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids joining together to form a protein molecule.

Question 9

A buffer system in the blood helps maintain pH by:

Accepted Answer

Releasing hydrogen ions when pH rises and binding hydrogen ions when pH falls.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally, resulting in partial charges on the molecule.

Question 11

Calculate the molecular weight of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) using the following atomic weights: C = 12, H = 1, O = 16.

Accepted Answer

$$(6 	imes 12) + (12 	imes 1) + (6 	imes 16) = 180$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a trace element in the human body and is essential for thyroid hormone production?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes increase the rate of reaction without being chemically changed or becoming part of the product.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a property of water that makes it vital for life?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar solvent properties

Question 15

A solution has a pH of 3. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a high concentration of hydrogen ions.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why blood is considered a suspension?

Accepted Answer

Blood contains large, visible solutes (cells) that settle out if left undisturbed.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of an exchange (displacement) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NaOH} + \mathrm{HCl} \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCl} + \mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of calcium ions in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Required for muscle contraction, nerve conduction, and blood clotting

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a buffer’s action when a strong acid is added to a solution?

Accepted Answer

It binds free hydrogen ions, converting the strong acid to a weak acid.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about the atomic structure of lithium (Li) as shown in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

Lithium has 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons.

Chemistry and Physiological Reactions: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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