Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is a general term for two or more atoms bonded together, which can be of the same element, while a compound specifically refers to a molecule with two or more different kinds of atoms bonded together.

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct example of a synthesis (combination) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Amino~acid}_1 + \mathrm{Amino~acid}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{Dipeptide}$$

Question 3

A patient is found to have a blood pH of 7.25. Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding their acid-base status?

Accepted Answer

The patient is experiencing acidosis, as their blood pH is below the normal neutral value of 7.4.

Question 4

Which property of water allows it to act as a major transport medium in the body?

Accepted Answer

Polar solvent properties

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why ionic compounds dissociate in water?

Accepted Answer

Water forms hydration layers around ions due to its polarity, separating cations and anions.

Question 6

A solution contains 10 grams of salt dissolved in enough water to make 100 mL of solution. What is the percent concentration of salt in this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$10\%$$

Question 7

Which of the following elements is required in minute amounts and is important for enzyme activation?

Accepted Answer

Zinc

Question 8

Which type of chemical bond is the strongest?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a buffer’s function in the body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers resist abrupt and large swings in pH by releasing or binding hydrogen ions.

Question 10

A student prepares a 1 M solution of glucose ($$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}) by $$dissolving 180.12 grams in enough water to make 1 liter. How many molecules of glucose are present in this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$6.02 	imes 10$$^{23}$$

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a decomposition reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Glycogen} \rightarrow \mathrm{Glucose}$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

An attraction between a hydrogen atom carrying a partial positive charge and an electronegative atom with a slightly negative charge.

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding mixtures and compounds?

Accepted Answer

Mixtures can be heterogeneous or homogeneous, while compounds are only homogeneous.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a property of water that makes it vital for life?

Accepted Answer

Ability to dissolve nonpolar substances

Question 15

Which of the following reactions is an example of a neutralization reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NaOH} + \mathrm{HCl} \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCl} + \mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes increase the rate of reaction without being chemically changed or becoming part of the product.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why smaller particles increase the rate of chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Smaller particles have a greater surface area to volume ratio, increasing the frequency of collisions.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about acids?

Accepted Answer

Acids are proton donors and release hydrogen ions ($$\mathrm{H^+}) in $$solution.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which atoms are reduced when they gain electrons and oxidized when they lose electrons.

Lecture #3

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