Question 1

Which of the following best explains why a person’s weight changes on different planets, but their mass remains constant?

Accepted Answer

Weight depends on the gravitational pull of the planet, while mass is the amount of matter in an object and does not change.

Question 2

A ball is held at the edge of a table and then dropped. Which statement best describes the energy transformation that occurs?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as the ball falls.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of the four elements that make up about 96% of body mass?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 4

Which subatomic particle determines the atomic number of an element?

Accepted Answer

Proton

Question 5

A radioactive isotope of carbon, carbon-14, decays over time. If the half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years, how much of a 10 g sample remains after 11,460 years?

Accepted Answer

$$2.5\ \mathrm{g}$$

Question 6

Which of the following best distinguishes a compound from a mixture?

Accepted Answer

Compounds are formed by chemical bonds, while mixtures are physically combined and can be separated by physical means.

Question 7

Which type of chemical bond is the strongest and involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 8

What is the main driving force behind the formation of chemical bonds according to the octet rule?

Accepted Answer

Atoms seek to have 8 electrons in their valence shell to achieve stability.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water during cellular respiration.

Question 10

A solution is prepared by dissolving 18 g of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) in enough water to make 0.5 L of solution. What is the molarity (M$) of the solution? (Molecular weight of glucose = 180 g/mol)

Accepted Answer

$$0.2\ M$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

An attraction between a hydrogen atom carrying a partial positive charge and an electronegative atom with a partial negative charge.

Question 12

Which of the following factors will NOT increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the size of the reacting particles

Question 13

Which of the following is a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Water ($$H_2O)$$

Question 14

A patient receives an injection of a colloid solution. Which property distinguishes a colloid from a solution?

Accepted Answer

Colloids have larger particles that do not settle out and can undergo sol-gel transformations.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes an exchange (displacement) reaction?

Accepted Answer

Bonds are both made and broken, and atoms are rearranged to form new products.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about energy conversion in the body is correct?

Accepted Answer

Some energy is always lost as heat during energy conversions.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of mechanical energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Muscle contraction during movement

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why most chemical reactions in the body are irreversible?

Accepted Answer

Products are often removed or used in other pathways, and large amounts of energy are released.

Chemistry Comes Alive: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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