Question 1

Which of the following best explains why a person’s weight changes on different planets, but their mass remains constant?

Accepted Answer

Weight depends on the gravitational force, while mass is the amount of matter in an object.

Question 2

A ball is held at the edge of a table and then dropped. Which energy transformation occurs as the ball falls?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the maximum number of electrons in an electron shell?

Accepted Answer

$$2n^2$$

Question 4

Which of the following elements makes up the largest percentage of body mass in humans?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 5

A sodium atom donates an electron to a chlorine atom, forming NaCl. What type of bond is formed?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a radioisotope?

Accepted Answer

An isotope that decays to a more stable form, emitting energy as radioactivity.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct example of a synthesis (anabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids joining to form a protein: $$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 8

Which of the following statements about covalent bonds is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between a compound and a mixture?

Accepted Answer

Compounds are chemically bonded, mixtures are physically combined.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Glucose oxidation during cellular respiration: $$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O$$

Question 11

Which of the following factors will NOT increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the size of the reacting particles.

Question 12

A solution contains 180.12 g of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) dissolved in enough water to make 1 liter. What is the molarity (M) of the solution?

Accepted Answer

1 M

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

An attraction between a hydrogen atom carrying a partial positive charge and an electronegative atom with a partial negative charge.

Question 14

Which of the following is a property of water that makes it an excellent solvent in the body?

Accepted Answer

It is a polar molecule, allowing it to dissolve ionic and polar substances.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why chemical reactions in the body are often irreversible?

Accepted Answer

Products are removed or used in other pathways, and large amounts of energy are released.

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a colloid found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Cytosol (the semifluid in cells)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the octet rule?

Accepted Answer

Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve 8 electrons in their valence shell.

Question 19

Which of the following is a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Water ($$H_2O)$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that releases energy, with products having less potential energy than reactants.

Chemistry Comes Alive: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions