Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between mass and weight?

Accepted Answer

Mass is the amount of matter in an object and remains constant regardless of location, while weight is the force exerted by gravity on that object and can change depending on location.

Question 2

A patient is exposed to a radioisotope for cancer treatment. Which property of radioisotopes makes them useful for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

They spontaneously decay, releasing energy that can destroy localized cancer cells.

Question 3

Which element is most abundant in the human body and is essential for cellular energy production?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O)$$

Question 4

If an atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons, what is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: $$11$$, Mass number: $$23$$

Question 5

Which form of energy is directly involved in moving matter, such as leg muscles pedaling a bike?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical energy

Question 6

A student is confused about the difference between kinetic and potential energy. Which scenario best illustrates the conversion from potential to kinetic energy?

Accepted Answer

Water held behind a dam is released, rushing through turbines to generate electricity.

Question 7

Which ion is the major cation inside cells and is necessary for nerve conduction and muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

$$K^+ ($$Potassium)

Question 8

A patient has a deficiency in iodine. Which physiological process is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of functional thyroid hormones

Question 9

Which statement about energy conversion in the body is correct?

Accepted Answer

Energy conversions are inefficient, and some energy is always lost as heat, which helps maintain body temperature.

Question 10

Which element is a component of hemoglobin and is essential for oxygen transport in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Iron ($$Fe)$$

Question 11

A scientist is studying an atom with 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is the atomic symbol and mass number for this atom?

Accepted Answer

Atomic symbol: $$C$$, Mass number: $$12$$

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why radioisotopes can be tracked in the body for medical imaging?

Accepted Answer

They release measurable energy as they decay, which can be detected by specialized scanners.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a major element making up 96.1% of the human body mass?

Accepted Answer

Calcium ($$Ca)$$

Question 14

Which form of energy is used by the nervous system to transmit messages across the body?

Accepted Answer

Electrical energy

Question 15

A person is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) waves. Which effect is NOT caused by UV waves according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Stimulating the retinas for vision

Question 16

Which statement about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 17

Which ion is the most abundant negative ion in extracellular fluids?

Accepted Answer

$$Cl^- ($$Chloride)

Question 18

A patient is suffering from muscle cramps and impaired nerve conduction. Which element deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Potassium ($$K)$$

Question 19

Which model of atomic structure is currently accepted for predicting chemical behavior?

Accepted Answer

Orbital model

Question 20

A person is exposed to radon gas, a radioisotope originating from uranium decay. What is a potential health risk associated with this exposure?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of lung cancer

Chemistry Comes Alive: Matter, Energy, and Atomic Structure

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