Question 1

Which of the following best explains why biochemistry is fundamental in treating diseases?

Accepted Answer

Because bodily functions and cellular processes depend on chemical reactions, so understanding these reactions helps target disease mechanisms.

Question 2

Matter is defined as:

Accepted Answer

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about mass and weight is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mass is the amount of matter in an object, while weight is the force exerted by gravity on that mass.

Question 4

Which form of energy is primarily involved in the transmission of nerve impulses?

Accepted Answer

Electrical energy

Question 5

A molecule of water ($H_2O$) is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A molecule formed by covalent bonds between two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

Question 6

Which element is considered a bulk element in the human body and is essential for both organic and inorganic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon (C)

Question 7

If an atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons, what is its atomic number and atomic mass?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: 11, Atomic mass: 23

Question 8

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Question 9

A PET scan uses radioactive isotopes for diagnostic purposes. Which property of these isotopes makes them useful in medical imaging?

Accepted Answer

They emit radiation due to radioactive decay, which can be detected by scanners.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct example of a solution in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Blood plasma with dissolved electrolytes

Question 11

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 12

What is the main difference between polar and non-polar molecules?

Accepted Answer

Polar molecules have unequal sharing of electrons, resulting in partial charges; non-polar molecules share electrons equally.

Question 13

Which of the following is the strongest type of chemical bond?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 14

Which chemical reaction type is represented by the equation $AB \rightarrow A + B$?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition (catabolic)

Question 15

In a redox reaction, what happens to the electron donor?

Accepted Answer

It is oxidized.

Question 16

Which factor would increase the rate of a chemical reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Adding a catalyst

Question 17

Which of the following is true about acids, bases, and salts in the body?

Accepted Answer

Salts are ionic compounds that do not contain $H^+$ or $OH^-$.

Question 18

Blood pH is tightly regulated between 7.35 and 7.45. What is the consequence if blood pH falls below 7.35?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis occurs.

Question 19

Which buffer system is most important for maintaining blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Bicarbonate buffer system

Question 20

Which property of water is most important for its role as the 'universal solvent' in the body?

Accepted Answer

Polar solvent properties

Chemistry Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions