Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a cation and an anion?

Accepted Answer

A cation has lost electrons and has a positive charge, while an anion has gained electrons and has a negative charge.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about water is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules interact with each other primarily through hydrogen bonds.

Question 3

A patient’s blood pH drops to 7.20. Which condition is this, and what is a possible physiological consequence?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis; CNS depression leading to coma

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fatty acids are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids lack double bonds, allowing them to pack tightly, while unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds that prevent tight packing.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the digestion and storage of carbohydrates from French fries?

Accepted Answer

Fries contain starch, which is digested into glucose, which is then used for energy and stored as glycogen for later use.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the Law of Mass Action as it applies to protein-ligand binding?

Accepted Answer

If the concentration of either protein or ligand changes, the reaction will shift to restore equilibrium.

Question 7

A protein is exposed to a high fever (42°C) and a pH of 3. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The protein will denature, losing its tertiary structure and function.

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE about phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They are the main component of cellular membranes.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis forms polymers from monomers by removing water, while hydrolysis breaks polymers into monomers by adding water.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of an allosteric modulator?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that binds reversibly to a regulatory site, enhancing or inhibiting protein activity.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why water is called the 'universal solvent'?

Accepted Answer

Water’s polar nature allows it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances.

Question 12

A solution has a pH of 4. Compared to a solution with a pH of 6, how much greater is the hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

100 times greater

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of triglycerides in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They serve as a rich source of energy and insulate vital organs.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE about nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

DNA is responsible for the transmission of genetic information.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the concept of protein-ligand specificity?

Accepted Answer

A protein binds only to a certain ligand due to its specific structure.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of up-regulation in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

Increased production of thyroid receptors when plasma thyroid increases.

Question 18

Which of the following is a property of an inert element?

Accepted Answer

Its outer electron shell is filled, making it nonreactive.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of electrolytes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They are inorganic substances whose ions conduct electrical currents in solution.

Chemistry Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology: Matter, Atoms, and Biological Macromolecules

Study Guide - Practice Questions