Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, such as blood flow, while potential energy is stored energy, such as in ATP molecules.

Question 2

A patient is given a medication that blocks the movement of charged particles across cell membranes. Which type of energy conversion is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Electrical energy

Question 3

Which statement about elements and atoms is correct?

Accepted Answer

Elements are made up of atoms, which are the unique building blocks for each element.

Question 4

A sodium atom ($$\mathrm{Na}) $$loses one electron to become a sodium ion ($$\mathrm{Na^+}). $$What type of chemical bond is formed when it reacts with a chloride ion ($$\mathrm{Cl^-}$$)?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water forms hydration layers around large charged molecules, allowing them to dissolve.

Question 6

A solution has a pH of 4. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a high concentration of $$[\mathrm{H^+}].$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct example of a buffer system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system: $$\mathrm{H_2CO_3 \rightleftharpoons $$HCO_3$$^- + H^+}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds, preventing close packing and resulting in a liquid state at room temperature.

Question 9

A protein loses its three-dimensional shape due to high fever. What is this process called, and what is the consequence?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation; the protein loses its function.

Question 10

Which of the following is true about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct representation of a synthesis (anabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{A + B \rightarrow AB}$$

Question 12

During cellular respiration, glucose ($$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}) is $$oxidized and oxygen ($$\mathrm{O_2$}) is $$reduced. Which statement best describes this process?

Accepted Answer

Glucose loses electrons and oxygen gains electrons.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct example of a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond between hydrogen and oxygen in H$$_2O$$

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of cholesterol in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It acts as an enzyme in metabolic reactions.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

Two fatty acids and a phosphate group bonded to a glycerol molecule

Question 16

Which of the following is true about DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a decomposition (catabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{AB \rightarrow A + B}$$

Question 18

A patient has a blood pH of 7.6. Which of the following best describes their condition?

Accepted Answer

The patient is experiencing alkalosis.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes have active sites that fit only certain substrates due to their three-dimensional structure.

Chemistry Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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