Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a mixture and a compound?

Accepted Answer

Mixtures can be separated by physical means and do not involve chemical bonding, while compounds require breaking chemical bonds to separate.

Question 2

A patient is exposed to a radioisotope for cancer treatment. Which property of radioisotopes makes them useful for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

They emit energy spontaneously, which can destroy localized cancer cells.

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the dissociation of water into its ions?

Accepted Answer

$H_2O \rightarrow H^+ + OH^-$

Question 4

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four major elements that make up 96.1% of human body mass?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 5

A solution contains 0.9% NaCl in water. What type of mixture is this?

Accepted Answer

Solution

Question 6

Which statement about energy conversion in biological systems is correct?

Accepted Answer

Some energy is always lost as heat during energy conversion.

Question 7

Which type of chemical bond involves the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 8

A molecule of water ($H_2O$) is described as a dipole. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

It has a slightly negative charge at the oxygen end and a slightly positive charge at the hydrogen end.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are important in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

They increase the rate of reactions without being chemically changed or becoming part of the product.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a synthesis (anabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids are joined together to form a protein molecule.

Question 11

Which equation represents a redox reaction in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a buffer in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A substance that minimizes changes in concentration of $H^+$ and $OH^-$ ions.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

Question 14

A solution has a pH of 2. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a high concentration of $H^+$ ions.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a suspension?

Accepted Answer

A heterogeneous mixture with large, visible solutes that settle out.

Question 16

Which of the following is a property of water that is critical for life?

Accepted Answer

High heat of vaporization

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the 'octet rule' in chemical bonding?

Accepted Answer

Atoms interact to have eight electrons in their valence (outermost) shell.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about exergonic reactions?

Accepted Answer

They release energy and the products have less potential energy than the reactants.

Question 19

A patient is given a solution with a molarity of 1 M glucose. How many molecules of glucose are present in one liter of this solution?

Accepted Answer

$6.02 	imes 10^{23}$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

An attractive force between an electropositive hydrogen and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

Chemistry Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology: Elements, Bonds, and Biological Relevance

Study Guide - Practice Questions