$$ \frac{10\ \text{g}}{100\ \text{mL}} \times 100 = 10\% $$

$$ 0.5\ \text{mol/L} \times 2\ \text{L} = 1.0\ \text{mol} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why water is considered the body's primary solvent and is essential for homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Water is a universal solvent, able to dissolve many substances and transport nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body.

Question 2

A solution is prepared by dissolving 10 grams of NaCl in enough water to make 100 mL of solution. What is the percent solution by mass/volume?

Accepted Answer

$$ \frac{10\ 	ext{g}}{100\ 	ext{mL}} 	imes 100 = 10\% $$

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct description of a colloid found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Cytosol, which can change from a liquid to a gel state during cellular activities

Question 4

Which of the following best describes a synthesis reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which bonds are formed between atoms to create larger, more complex structures

Question 5

Why is water's high heat capacity important for maintaining homeostasis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It enables the body to absorb and release large amounts of heat with minimal temperature change, stabilizing internal conditions.

Question 6

A patient has a blood pH of 7.1. Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in this situation?

Accepted Answer

Buffers will tie up excess H+ ions to prevent the pH from dropping further.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about electrolytes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Electrolytes are important for muscle contraction and nerve impulse transmission.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why trans fats are considered unhealthy compared to unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Trans fats are produced by adding hydrogen to unsaturated fats, which increases LDL cholesterol and risk of heart disease.

Question 9

A solution has a concentration of 0.5 mol/L NaCl. How many moles of NaCl are present in 2 liters of this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$ 0.5\ 	ext{mol/L} 	imes 2\ 	ext{L} = 1.0\ 	ext{mol} $$

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They are used to build cell membranes due to their hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid in the context of body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A strong acid releases all of its H+ ions in solution, while a weak acid releases only some H+ ions.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about ATP and its role in the body?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds and releases it when a phosphate group is transferred to another molecule.

Question 13

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness and irregular heartbeat. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Low levels of Na+ or K+ ions, which are essential for muscle contraction and nerve impulse transmission.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are polymers of amino acids, and their specific sequence determines their function.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a decomposition reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of glycogen into glucose molecules during fasting.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why buffers are important in maintaining blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Buffers prevent large changes in pH by releasing or binding H+ ions as needed.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is correct?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides are the monomers of carbohydrates and serve as an easy-to-use energy source.

Question 18

A solution contains 0.2 moles of glucose in 500 mL of water. What is the molarity of the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Molarity} = \frac{0.2\ 	ext{mol}}{0.5\ 	ext{L}} = 0.4\ 	ext{mol/L} $$

Chemistry Fundamentals for Anatomy & Physiology: Mixtures, Chemical Reactions, and Macromolecules

Study Guide - Practice Questions