Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the cell membrane in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

It regulates exchange with the environment, provides physical isolation, enables communication, and offers structural support.

Question 2

Which body cavity contains the heart and lungs?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic cavity

Question 3

A patient has excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation. In which body compartment is this fluid found?

Accepted Answer

Cranial cavity

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT considered a functional fluid compartment of the body?

Accepted Answer

Cytosol

Question 5

The phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane is primarily responsible for which property?

Accepted Answer

Creating a selectively permeable barrier between the cell and its environment

Question 6

Which organelle is most directly involved in ATP production within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 7

A scientist is studying the movement of vesicles along microtubules. Which motor protein is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Kinesin

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between plasma and interstitial fluid?

Accepted Answer

Plasma is the extracellular fluid inside blood vessels, while interstitial fluid surrounds most cells.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct sequence of organization from largest to smallest in the context of body compartments?

Accepted Answer

Organ → Tissue → Cell → Organelle

Question 10

A mutation affects the structure of sphingolipids in the cell membrane. Which of the following is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell recognition and membrane response

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the lumen of the intestines is considered external to the body?

Accepted Answer

It is continuous with the external environment and substances in the lumen have not yet crossed the epithelial barrier.

Question 12

Which of the following cell membrane proteins is most likely to be involved in signal transduction?

Accepted Answer

Transmembrane proteins

Question 13

A patient has a genetic defect that impairs the function of dynein. Which cellular process is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Movement of cilia and flagella

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating the total body water (TBW) if you know the intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF) volumes?

Accepted Answer

$$TBW = ICF + ECF$$

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of fatty acids, steroids, and lipids?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ATP

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the centrosome in cell division?

Accepted Answer

It assembles tubulin monomers into microtubules and directs DNA movement.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of inclusions in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They are non-membranous structures such as ribosomes and lipid droplets.

Question 19

A cell is observed to have an abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Protein assembly and modification

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

The membrane is a dynamic structure with proteins and lipids that can move laterally within the bilayer.

Ch 3a Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues – Human Physiology Study Notes

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