Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the cell membrane in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

It separates the cell from its environment and regulates exchange, communication, and structural support.

Question 2

The cranial, thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities are examples of which type of compartment?

Accepted Answer

Anatomical body cavities

Question 3

Which statement about the lumen of hollow organs is correct?

Accepted Answer

The lumen is the interior of any hollow organ and may be filled with air or fluid.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ribosomal RNA

Question 5

Which type of membrane protein is most likely to span the entire phospholipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

Integral (transmembrane) protein

Question 6

The glycocalyx is formed by membrane carbohydrates attached to which components?

Accepted Answer

Both lipids and proteins on the external surface

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for assembling tubulin monomers into microtubules?

Accepted Answer

Centrosome

Question 8

Motor proteins such as kinesins and dyneins use ATP to create movement along which cellular structure?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 9

Which type of cell junction allows direct communication between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 10

Which epithelial tissue type is specialized for rapid gas exchange and lines blood vessels and lungs?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 11

A patient with a genetic defect in cadherin proteins would most likely have problems with which type of cell junction?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring junctions (desmosomes and adherens junctions)

Question 12

Which connective tissue type is characterized by a calcified extracellular matrix?

Accepted Answer

Bone

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

They release products to the external environment, often through ducts.

Question 14

Which tissue type is excitable and responsible for force and movement in the body?

Accepted Answer

Muscle tissue

Question 15

Which process describes programmed cell death that is essential for tissue remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why cartilage heals slowly after injury?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage lacks a blood supply.

Question 17

A researcher isolates a cell with many mitochondria, tight junctions, and a columnar shape. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Transporting substances across the epithelium

Question 18

Which equation best represents the relationship between cell surface area ($A$) and volume ($V$) for a spherical cell, and why is this relationship important for cellular exchange?

Accepted Answer

$A = 4 \pi r^2$, $V = \frac{4}{3} \pi r^3$; as cell size increases, volume increases faster than surface area, limiting exchange.

Question 19

Which of the following cell types is most likely to be multipotent and involved in tissue repair?

Accepted Answer

Stem cell in adult bone marrow

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the composition and function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissues?

Accepted Answer

The ECM is synthesized and secreted by cells, and its composition varies to provide support, adhesion, and communication.

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues – Human Physiology Study Notes

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