Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference in mechanism between water-soluble and fat-soluble hormones?

Accepted Answer

Water-soluble hormones bind to cell surface receptors and activate second messenger systems, while fat-soluble hormones diffuse through the cell membrane and bind to intracellular receptors.

Question 2

A patient presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and ketonacidosis. Which hormone deficiency is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 3

Which of the following is a tropic hormone released by the anterior pituitary, and what is its primary target?

Accepted Answer

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone); thyroid gland

Question 4

Which of the following best explains negative feedback in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis?

Accepted Answer

High levels of thyroid hormone inhibit the release of TRH and TSH.

Question 5

Which of the following blood types can safely receive type O- blood in a transfusion?

Accepted Answer

AB+

Question 6

A patient with iron deficiency anemia would most likely have which of the following laboratory findings?

Accepted Answer

Decreased hemoglobin concentration

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 8

Which structure is responsible for initiating the electrical impulse that sets the pace of the heart?

Accepted Answer

SA node

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow through the heart, starting with the superior vena cava?

Accepted Answer

Superior vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the glomerulus in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Filtration of blood to form urine

Question 11

Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the kidneys by increasing the permeability of the collecting duct?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 12

Which of the following is a major function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Absorbing dietary fats from the intestine

Question 13

Which antibody is most abundant in blood and provides long-term immunity?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = Diastolic + (Systolic - Diastolic) / 3$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the parietal cells in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of glucose to pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of the nephron's loop of Henle?

Accepted Answer

Creates a concentration gradient in the medulla to allow water reabsorption

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about respiratory acidosis?

Accepted Answer

It is caused by decreased elimination of CO$$_2$$, which lowers pH.

Question 19

Which of the following is the primary function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of water and formation of feces

Comprehensive Anatomy & Physiology Final Exam Review Guide

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