Q: Which equation correctly represents glycolysis?

$$\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 2\text{NAD}^+ + 2\text{ADP} + 2\text{P}_i \rightarrow 2\text{C}_3\text{H}_4\text{O}_3 + 2\text{NADH} + 2\text{ATP} + 2\text{H}_2\text{O}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of cholesterol in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It is a precursor for steroid hormone synthesis and maintains cell membrane fluidity.

Question 2

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is influenced by several factors. Which of the following would most likely increase BMR?

Accepted Answer

Increased muscle mass

Question 3

During cellular respiration, which pathway produces the greatest amount of ATP per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 2	ext{NAD}^+ + 2	ext{ADP} + 2	ext{P}_i ightarrow 2	ext{C}_3	ext{H}_4	ext{O}_3 + 2	ext{NADH} + 2	ext{ATP} + 2	ext{H}_2	ext{O}$$

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of most nutrients

Question 6

Gluconeogenesis is best described as:

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.

Question 7

A patient with diabetes mellitus is at risk for diabetic acidosis. Which metabolic process is most directly responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Increased ketogenesis

Question 8

Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting and is produced by bacteria in the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 9

Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of proteins in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

The rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle to propel food through the digestive tract

Question 11

Which layer of the alimentary canal is responsible for absorption of nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Mucosa

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the three phases of gastric secretion?

Accepted Answer

Cephalic, Gastric, Intestinal

Question 13

Which of the following is the main function of the hepatic portal circulation?

Accepted Answer

To transport absorbed nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver for processing

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct number of permanent teeth in an adult human, and what is the primary function of molars?

Accepted Answer

32; molars are used for grinding food

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of heat production in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Heat is generated primarily through muscle contractions and metabolic reactions.

Question 16

Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary and is essential for milk ejection during lactation?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 17

After ovulation, how long is the egg viable for fertilization?

Accepted Answer

About 24 hours

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the placenta?

Accepted Answer

It facilitates exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes between mother and fetus.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of incomplete dominance in genetics?

Accepted Answer

A red flower and a white flower produce pink offspring.

Question 20

If a heterozygous individual ($$Aa) is $$crossed with a homozygous recessive individual ($$aa$$), what is the expected genotypic ratio of the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$1:1 (Aa$$:aa)

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