Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the regulation of blood calcium levels by parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

$$\text{PTH} \rightarrow \text{increased bone resorption} \rightarrow \text{increased blood Ca}^{2+}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of simple squamous epithelium, and where is it most commonly found?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion and filtration; lining blood vessels and alveoli of lungs

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn covering 36% of their body. According to the 'rule of nines,' which of the following statements is correct regarding the severity and potential danger of this burn?

Accepted Answer

The burn is considered dangerous because it covers more than 20% of the body.

Question 3

Which of the following is a characteristic common to all connective tissues?

Accepted Answer

They contain abundant extracellular matrix composed of fibers and ground substance.

Question 4

Which pigment is primarily responsible for the yellowish color of skin, and where is it stored?

Accepted Answer

Carotene; stored in the stratum corneum and subcutaneous fat

Question 5

A patient with osteoporosis has bones that fracture easily. Which of the following best explains what happens to bone without adequate minerals?

Accepted Answer

Bones become brittle and break easily.

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the regulation of blood calcium levels by parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{PTH} ightarrow 	ext{increased bone resorption} ightarrow 	ext{increased blood Ca}^{2+}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between regeneration and fibrosis during tissue repair?

Accepted Answer

Regeneration restores original tissue structure and function, while fibrosis replaces tissue with scar tissue.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone replaces cartilage, starting at the primary ossification center in the diaphysis.

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with a comminuted fracture. Which of the following best describes this type of fracture?

Accepted Answer

Bone is broken into three or more pieces.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts resorb bone tissue, releasing calcium into the blood.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the steps of tissue repair?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation, organization, regeneration or fibrosis

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Spongy bone consists of trabeculae and provides support while reducing bone weight.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the subcutaneous layer?

Accepted Answer

Stores fat and anchors skin to underlying tissues

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Exocrine glands secrete products onto body surfaces or into ducts; endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Question 16

Which of the following equations best represents the mineral deposition in bone?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Ca}^{2+} + 	ext{PO}_4$$^{3-}$$ ightarrow 	ext{Hydroxyapatite} \, (	ext{Ca}_{10}(	ext{PO}_4)_6(	ext{OH})_2)$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

Transmits electrical impulses for communication and control.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the ABCs of melanoma detection?

Accepted Answer

A: Asymmetry, B: Border irregularity, C: Color variation

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of calcitonin?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity.

Comprehensive Guidance for ANP Exam 2 Study Guide (Chapters 4–6)

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