Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To receive sensory input, integrate information, and initiate motor output

Question 2

Which structure is found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) but NOT in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 3

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the transmission of motor commands from the brain to the limbs. Which functional division of the nervous system is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Motor (efferent) division

Question 4

Which of the following correctly matches a neuroglial cell with its primary function in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Microglia: Act as immune defense cells

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why action potentials only travel in one direction along an axon?

Accepted Answer

The absolute refractory period prevents the backward propagation of action potentials

Question 6

Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential for a specific ion across a neuronal membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{ion} = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[ion]_{out}}{[ion]_{in}} \right)$$

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding myelination in the CNS compared to the PNS?

Accepted Answer

In the CNS, oligodendrocytes can myelinate segments of multiple axons

Question 8

A neuron receives two excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in rapid succession at the same synapse. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Temporal summation

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between local (graded) potentials and action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Local potentials decrease in strength with distance, while action potentials are all-or-none and do not decrease in strength

Question 10

Which of the following scenarios would most likely increase the speed of action potential propagation along an axon?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the axon diameter and adding a myelin sheath

Question 11

Which of the following is a key difference between saltatory and continuous conduction?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction involves action potentials jumping between nodes of Ranvier, while continuous conduction involves action potentials propagating along every part of the membrane

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a way that synaptic transmission can be terminated?

Accepted Answer

Continuous stimulation of the postsynaptic membrane

Question 13

Which of the following best describes an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)?

Accepted Answer

A local hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane, moving the membrane potential further from threshold

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE about chemical synapses?

Accepted Answer

They involve the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in synaptic transmission at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

Action potential arrives at axon terminal → Voltage-gated calcium channels open → Neurotransmitter is released into synaptic cleft

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of summation in neural integration?

Accepted Answer

Summation integrates multiple postsynaptic potentials to determine if threshold is reached for an action potential

Question 17

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of metabotropic neurotransmitter receptors compared to ionotropic receptors?

Accepted Answer

Metabotropic receptors activate second messenger systems, leading to slower but longer-lasting effects

Question 18

Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily inhibitory in the adult CNS?

Accepted Answer

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

Question 19

A patient has damage to the Schwann cells in their peripheral nerves. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Slower action potential conduction in the PNS

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a converging neuronal circuit?

Accepted Answer

Multiple presynaptic neurons synapse with a single postsynaptic neuron

Comprehensive Guidance for Nervous System and Tissue Study Guide (ANP)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards