Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body, while physiology is the study of how those structures function.

Question 2

A patient presents with yellow discoloration of the skin. Which of the following best explains this condition?

Accepted Answer

It is most likely caused by jaundice, which results from excess bilirubin in the blood.

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct order of the hierarchy of complexity in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Organism → Organ system → Organ → Tissue → Cell → Molecule → Atom

Question 4

A patient is experiencing hypocalcemia. Which hormone is most likely to be secreted in response?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose by insulin

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the basement membrane in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

It anchors epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue.

Question 7

Which bone cells are responsible for bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 8

A fracture occurs in the diaphysis of a long bone. Which type of bone marrow is most likely found in this region in adults?

Accepted Answer

Yellow bone marrow

Question 9

Which of the following joints is classified as a multiaxial joint?

Accepted Answer

Shoulder joint (glenohumeral)

Question 10

Which muscle is the prime mover for inhalation?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of melatonin secreted by the pineal gland?

Accepted Answer

Promotes sleep and regulates circadian rhythms

Question 12

A nerve fiber is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A single axon of a neuron

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct order of the meninges from superficial to deep?

Accepted Answer

Dura mater → Arachnoid mater → Pia mater

Question 14

Which structure in the brain is primarily responsible for regulating sex drive, body temperature, and food and water intake?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 15

During the 'fight-or-flight' reaction, which of the following physiological changes occurs?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate and dilation of pupils

Question 16

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth in tissues?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of insulin?

Accepted Answer

Lowers blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake into cells

Question 18

A patient has damage to the rotator cuff muscles. Which side of the shoulder is LEAST protected by these muscles?

Accepted Answer

Inferior

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the consequence of opening sodium (Na) channels in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization of the membrane

Question 20

A patient is unable to accommodate vision (focus on near objects). Which structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Ciliary body

Comprehensive Review Notes: Anatomy & Physiology (Chapters 1–17)

Study Guide - Practice Questions