Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They form the myelin sheath around axons, increasing the speed of nerve impulse conduction.

Question 2

A patient presents with a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Which type of joint is affected, and what movement is most compromised?

Accepted Answer

Hinge joint; flexion and extension

Question 3

Which connective tissue type is primarily responsible for storing energy in the form of triglycerides?

Accepted Answer

Adipose tissue

Question 4

During muscle contraction, which ion binds to troponin to initiate the exposure of myosin-binding sites on actin?

Accepted Answer

Ca$$^{2+}$$

Question 5

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for which of the following bone pathologies?

Accepted Answer

Pathological fractures

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the gray matter of the spinal cord is centrally located, while the white matter is peripheral?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter contains neuron cell bodies and synapses for processing, while white matter contains ascending and descending myelinated tracts.

Question 7

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to trigger muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 8

A patient is unable to abduct their arm at the shoulder joint. Which muscle is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Deltoid

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses, while parasympathetic promotes 'rest and digest' activities.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the reticular activating system (RAS) in the brainstem?

Accepted Answer

Maintenance of consciousness and arousal

Question 11

A patient with damage to Broca's area in the left frontal lobe would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty producing fluent speech

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of saltatory conduction in myelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from one node of Ranvier to the next, increasing conduction speed.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the excitation-contraction coupling of skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Release of Ca$$^{2+}$$ from sarcoplasmic reticulum → binding to troponin → exposure of myosin-binding sites → cross-bridge formation

Question 14

A patient presents with a herniated intervertebral disc compressing the spinal nerve at the lumbar level. Which symptom is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Radiating pain and numbness in the lower limb

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the semicircular canals in the inner ear?

Accepted Answer

Detection of rotational (angular) acceleration

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of fast glycolytic (Type IIb) muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Rapid contraction speed and low fatigue resistance

Question 17

A patient with damage to the dorsal root of a spinal nerve would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Loss of sensory input from the affected area

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the cornea is transparent?

Accepted Answer

It is avascular and has regularly arranged collagen fibers.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct pathway for the transmission of sound from the external environment to the inner ear?

Accepted Answer

Auricle → tympanic membrane → ossicles → oval window → cochlea

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Homeostatic regulation of body temperature, hunger, and endocrine activity

Comprehensive Study Guide: Anatomy & Physiology Final Exam Review (BIO210)

Study Guide - Practice Questions