Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between the endocrine and nervous systems in maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system uses hormones for slow, long-term regulation, while the nervous system uses electrical impulses for rapid, short-term responses.

Question 2

A patient presents with elevated blood glucose levels. Which hormone would be secreted to lower blood glucose, and what is the mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Insulin; promotes uptake of glucose by cells and stimulates glycogenesis.

Question 3

Which equation correctly calculates cardiac output ($$CO) $$given stroke volume ($$SV) $$and heart rate ($$HR$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = SV 	imes HR$$

Question 4

During the cardiac cycle, which event corresponds to the S1 heart sound?

Accepted Answer

Closure of the atrioventricular valves

Question 5

Which of the following best explains the effect of vasoconstriction on blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction increases peripheral resistance, raising blood pressure.

Question 6

A patient with O- blood type needs a transfusion. Which blood types can safely be given to this patient?

Accepted Answer

O- only

Question 7

Which equation is used to calculate Mean Arterial Pressure ($$MAP) $$given systolic ($$SP) $$and diastolic ($$DP) $$pressures?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = DP + \frac{1}{3}(SP - DP)$$

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the spleen in the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Filtration of blood and removal of old erythrocytes

Question 9

Which process is responsible for the movement of water out of capillaries at the arterial end?

Accepted Answer

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 10

Which equation represents Boyle's Law, relating pressure ($$P) $$and volume ($$V) in $$pulmonary ventilation?

Accepted Answer

$$P \propto \frac{1}{V}$$

Question 11

A patient is hyperventilating. What happens to the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood and the pH?

Accepted Answer

CO$$_2$$ decreases, pH increases

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the pathway of blood through the heart, starting at the systemic capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Systemic capillaries → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of surfactant in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Decreases surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse

Question 14

Which process is responsible for the formation of platelets?

Accepted Answer

Fragmentation of megakaryocytes

Question 15

Which equation represents the reversible reaction for carbon dioxide transport in blood?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \leftrightarrow H_2CO_3 \leftrightarrow H^+ + $$HCO_3$$^-$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the liver related to digestion?

Accepted Answer

Production of bile for emulsification of fats

Question 17

Which equation represents the calculation of glomerular filtration rate ($$GFR) $$given net filtration pressure ($$NFP) $$and filtration coefficient ($$K_f$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$GFR = K_f 	imes NFP$$

Question 18

Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 19

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink because water moves out of the cell.

Question 20

Which process is responsible for genetic variability during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over and independent assortment

Comprehensive Study Guide: Anatomy & Physiology II (Chapters 16–27) Learning Objectives

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards