Question 1

A woman with blood type A (genotype AO) and a man with blood type B (genotype BO) have a child. What is the probability that their child will have blood type AB?

Accepted Answer

25%

Question 2

Which of the following best describes codominance in genetics?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype.

Question 3

A male with genotype $$X^A Y$$ and a female with genotype $$X^A X^a$$ have children. What is the probability that a son will express the recessive X-linked trait?

Accepted Answer

50%

Question 4

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating ovulation during the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 5

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur, increasing genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I

Question 6

A patient presents with a blood pH of 7.25 and elevated CO$$_2$$ levels. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory acidosis

Question 7

Which structure in the nephron is primarily responsible for filtration of blood?

Accepted Answer

Glomerulus

Question 8

If the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is not secreted, what is the most likely effect on urine output?

Accepted Answer

Urine output increases and becomes more dilute.

Question 9

Which digestive enzyme is secreted by the pancreas and acts in the small intestine to digest proteins?

Accepted Answer

Trypsin

Question 10

A patient has a mutation in the gene for insulin. Which process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct comparison between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two identical diploid cells; meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells.

Question 12

Which germ layer gives rise to the nervous system during organogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Ectoderm

Question 13

A person with genotype $$IAIB$$ for the ABO blood group system is an example of which inheritance pattern?

Accepted Answer

Codominance

Question 14

Which hormone is secreted by the testes and is essential for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 15

Which of the following best describes metabolic alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A condition where blood pH is above 7.45 due to excessive loss of hydrogen ions or gain of bicarbonate.

Question 16

Which process is directly responsible for the movement of urine from the bladder to the outside of the body?

Accepted Answer

Micturition

Question 17

If the loop of Henle in the nephron were removed, which of the following would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

The kidney would lose its ability to concentrate urine.

Question 18

Which hormone increases hunger and is secreted by the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin

Question 19

Which of the following best describes polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

A trait controlled by multiple genes, each contributing to the phenotype.

Question 20

Which organ is responsible for producing bile, and what is the primary function of bile in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Liver; emulsification of fats

Comprehensive Study Guide: Chapters 22–27 (Urinary, Fluid/Electrolyte, Reproductive, Development, and Digestive Systems)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards