Question 1

Which of the following best describes the five basic survival needs of the human body?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen, water, nutrients, stable body temperature, and atmospheric pressure

Question 2

Which of the following is true regarding the charges and locations of subatomic particles in an atom?

Accepted Answer

Protons are positively charged and found in the nucleus; neutrons are neutral and found in the nucleus; electrons are negatively charged and found in orbitals around the nucleus.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a decomposition reaction?

Accepted Answer

$2H_2O \rightarrow 2H_2 + O_2$

Question 5

Which of the following best compares endergonic and exergonic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Endergonic reactions absorb energy, while exergonic reactions release energy.

Question 6

Which factor would most likely increase the rate of a chemical reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the temperature

Question 7

Which property of water is most important for temperature regulation in the human body?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat capacity

Question 8

A solution has a pH of 3. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic, and the hydrogen ion concentration is $[H^+] = 10^{-3} 	ext{ M}$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a buffer and its function in the body?

Accepted Answer

A buffer resists changes in pH by accepting or donating hydrogen ions; for example, the bicarbonate buffer system in blood.

Question 10

What are the monomers of carbohydrates, and how do they join to form polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides join via dehydration synthesis to form polysaccharides.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharide

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of protein folding?

Accepted Answer

The polypeptide chain folds into a specific three-dimensional shape, determined by interactions among amino acid side chains.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 14

Which specialized cell junction allows for the passage of ions and small molecules directly between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 15

Which of the following best defines diffusion?

Accepted Answer

The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 16

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen?

Accepted Answer

Water will enter the cell, causing it to swell and possibly burst.

Question 17

Which statement best explains why the sodium-potassium pump requires ATP to function?

Accepted Answer

It moves sodium and potassium ions against their concentration gradients.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$A + B \rightarrow AB$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for a reaction to occur.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about acids and bases?

Accepted Answer

Acids donate $H^+$ ions and have a pH less than 7; bases accept $H^+$ ions and have a pH greater than 7.

Comprehensive Study Guide: Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology

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