Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a difference between skeletal and smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle contracts involuntarily, while smooth muscle contracts voluntarily.

Question 2

During an isometric contraction, which of the following best describes what happens to the muscle?

Accepted Answer

The muscle length remains the same while tension increases.

Question 3

Which process allows skeletal muscle to generate ATP anaerobically during intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis followed by lactic acid fermentation

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the aerobic generation of ATP in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 36\mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 5

Which factor most directly determines the force of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

The number of motor units recruited

Question 6

Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for receiving incoming signals?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Question 7

Which of the following is a functional classification of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Sensory (afferent) neuron

Question 8

The resting membrane potential of a neuron is primarily established by:

Accepted Answer

The active transport of $$\mathrm{Na^+}$$ and $$\mathrm{K^+}$$ ions via the sodium-potassium pump

Question 9

Which of the following best describes how an action potential propagates along an axolemma?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction between nodes of Ranvier

Question 10

Which factor would most likely increase the conduction velocity of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the amount of myelination

Question 11

At a synapse, which structure releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

Presynaptic axon terminal

Question 12

Which of the following best describes an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)?

Accepted Answer

It hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane, decreasing the likelihood of an action potential.

Question 13

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 14

Which motor area of the brain is responsible for planning complex movements?

Accepted Answer

Premotor cortex

Question 15

Which sensory area of the brain is responsible for processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Primary visual cortex

Question 16

How does the cerebral cortex primarily communicate with other regions of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Via white matter tracts composed of myelinated axons

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Initiation of voluntary muscle movement

Question 18

Which nucleus in the medulla is responsible for regulating heart rate and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular center

Question 19

Which structure is NOT part of the limbic system?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 20

Which type of white matter tract carries sensory information up the spinal cord to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Ascending tracts

Comprehensive Study Guide: Muscle and Nervous System Structure & Function

Study Guide - Practice Questions