Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They form the myelin sheath around axons in the CNS.

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of motor function in the right arm following a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Which region of the brain is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Left precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents Ohm’s Law as applied to the propagation of action potentials in neurons?

Accepted Answer

$$ V = I 	imes R $$

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Preganglionic neurons originate in the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord.

Question 5

Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting auditory information from the cochlea to the brain, and how would you test its function?

Accepted Answer

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII); test by assessing hearing with a tuning fork.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from its production to its return to the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

Produced by choroid plexus → lateral ventricles → third ventricle → cerebral aqueduct → fourth ventricle → subarachnoid space → absorbed by arachnoid villi into venous blood

Question 7

A person with damage to the Wernicke’s area would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty understanding spoken and written language

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the anatomical basis of myopia?

Accepted Answer

The eyeball is too long, causing the image to focus in front of the retina.

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between the focal length ($$f$$), object distance ($$d_o$$), and image distance ($$d_i) in $$the eye?

Accepted Answer

$$ \frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{d_o} + \frac{1}{d_i} $$

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the reticular activating system (RAS)?

Accepted Answer

Regulating wakefulness and alertness

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between white matter and gray matter in the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

White matter contains myelinated axons; gray matter contains neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated axons.

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Ganglia are located close to or within the target organs.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the organ of Corti?

Accepted Answer

It contains hair cells that transduce mechanical vibrations into electrical signals for hearing.

Question 14

A patient is unable to smell after a head injury. Which cranial nerve is most likely damaged, and how would you test its function?

Accepted Answer

Olfactory nerve (CN I); test by presenting familiar scents to each nostril.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the heart?

Accepted Answer

It increases heart rate and force of contraction.

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of multipolar neurons?

Accepted Answer

They have one axon and multiple dendrites.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the choroid plexus?

Accepted Answer

It produces cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the arrangement of cells in the retina?

Accepted Answer

Photoreceptors (rods and cones) are located at the back, followed by bipolar cells, then ganglion cells.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events for audition from the entry of sound into the outer ear until auditory signals are received by the primary auditory cortex?

Accepted Answer

Sound waves enter auricle → external auditory meatus → vibrate tympanic membrane → ossicles transmit vibrations → oval window → cochlea → organ of Corti transduces signals → cochlear nerve → brainstem → thalamus → primary auditory cortex

Comprehensive Study Guide: Nervous System, Special Senses (Vision & Audition) – Anatomy & Physiology I

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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