Question 1

Which of the following accurately describes the function of the pericardium?

Accepted Answer

It is a serous membrane that surrounds the heart and prevents overfilling.

Question 2

During ventricular systole, which valves are open and which are closed?

Accepted Answer

AV valves closed, semilunar valves open

Question 3

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary veins

Question 4

A patient is experiencing tachycardia. Which of the following best describes their heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Persistent resting HR \u003e 100 bpm

Question 5

If stroke volume decreases, what is the expected effect on cardiac output and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac output decreases, blood pressure decreases

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = SV 	imes HR$$

Question 7

Which vessel type has the thickest tunica media and carries blood away from the heart?

Accepted Answer

Arteries

Question 8

Which lymphatic structure collects lymph from both legs and empties into the left subclavian vein?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic duct

Question 9

Which organ is responsible for filtering blood, removing old RBCs, and storing platelets?

Accepted Answer

Spleen

Question 10

Which immunoglobulin is most abundant in plasma and crosses the placenta to provide fetal protection?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 11

During an acute allergic reaction, which immunoglobulin triggers mast cells to release histamine?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Question 12

Which process describes the movement of neutrophils squeezing out of capillaries into tissues?

Accepted Answer

Diapedesis

Question 13

Which equation correctly describes the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log[H^+]$$

Question 14

A patient is hyperventilating. What happens to their blood pH and PCO2?

Accepted Answer

pH increases, PCO2 decreases

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

Accepted Answer

Secretes digestive enzymes

Question 16

Which digestive process is responsible for mixing contents with digestive juices without net movement?

Accepted Answer

Segmentation

Question 17

Which enzyme begins the breakdown of starch in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase

Question 18

Which metabolic process describes the conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenesis

Question 19

Most carbon dioxide in the blood is transported in which form?

Accepted Answer

Bicarbonate ion ($$HCO_3$$^-$$)

Question 20

Which of the following is the primary stimulus for increased ventilation during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increased PCO2

Comprehensive Study Notes: Cardiovascular, Immune, Respiratory, and Digestive Systems

Study Guide - Practice Questions