Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of cholesterol in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It is a structural component of cell membranes and precursor for steroid hormones.

Question 2

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is influenced by several factors. Which of the following would most likely increase BMR?

Accepted Answer

Increased muscle mass

Question 3

During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into which molecule, and how many ATP are produced (net gain)?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate; net gain of 2 ATP

Question 4

Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting and is synthesized by bacteria in the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 5

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis is experiencing a metabolic disturbance. Which process is primarily responsible for the accumulation of ketone bodies?

Accepted Answer

Ketosis

Question 6

Which enzyme is secreted in an inactive form by the stomach and is activated by hydrochloric acid?

Accepted Answer

Pepsinogen

Question 7

The hepatic portal circulation is important because it:

Accepted Answer

Transports nutrients absorbed from the intestines directly to the liver for processing

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the elimination of urine from the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Renal pelvis → ureter → bladder → urethra

Question 9

Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the collecting tubules of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 10

A patient has a genetic disorder caused by a deletion on chromosome 15. Which type of chromosomal aberration is this?

Accepted Answer

Deletion

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the bulbourethral glands?

Accepted Answer

Secrete alkaline mucus to neutralize acidic urine in the urethra

Question 12

Which layer of the alimentary canal is responsible for peristaltic movement?

Accepted Answer

Muscularis externa

Question 13

After ovulation, how long is the egg viable for fertilization?

Accepted Answer

About 24 hours

Question 14

Which of the following ions plays the most significant role in regulating the body's water volume?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ($$Na^{+})$$

Question 15

Which hormone is released by the pituitary gland to stimulate milk production after childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Question 16

Which process describes the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 17

A person with blood type AB can receive blood from which of the following types?

Accepted Answer

All blood types (A, B, AB, O)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the placenta?

Accepted Answer

Facilitates exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes between mother and fetus

Question 19

Which of the following is a multi-step process that includes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 20

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Comprehensive Study Notes: Digestion, Nutrition, Reproduction, Genetics, and Urinary System

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards