Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between somatic cells and gametes in terms of chromosome number after cell division?

Accepted Answer

Somatic cells are diploid, while gametes are haploid.

Question 2

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 3

If a cell is in metaphase, which of the following best describes what is happening?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are aligned at the cell's equator.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

DNA is copied into a complementary strand of RNA.

Question 5

Given the DNA template strand sequence $$5'	ext{-}ATGCGT-3'$$, what is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{-}UACGCA-3'$$

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids act as channels for ions to pass through.

Question 7

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst due to water entering the cell.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration through a protein channel without energy input.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of active transport in cells?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump moving Na$$^+$$ out and K$$^+$$ into the cell.

Question 10

During glycolysis, what is the net ATP gain per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the fate of pyruvate under anaerobic conditions in human muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to lactic acid to regenerate NAD$$^+.$$

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor and generates a proton gradient for ATP synthesis.

Question 13

Why do lipids contain more stored energy than carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Lipids have longer chains of carbon-hydrogen bonds, which store more energy.

Question 14

Which process describes the breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Lipolysis

Question 15

Which of the following best explains the function of the urea cycle?

Accepted Answer

It removes ammonia produced during amino acid catabolism by converting it to urea.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of an anabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins from amino acids.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It uses the proton gradient to synthesize ATP from ADP and phosphate.

Question 18

Which of the following is a product of the Krebs cycle for each acetyl CoA that enters?

Accepted Answer

3 NADH

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell releases substances to the outside by fusing vesicles with the plasma membrane.

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding the genetic code and translation?

Accepted Answer

Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.

Comprehensive Study Notes: DNA Replication, Cell Division, Protein Synthesis, Cell Transport, and Metabolism

Study Guide - Practice Questions