Q: Which equation represents the calculation of membrane potential ($$V_m) $$using the Nernst equation for a single ion ($$z is $$the ion charge, $$R is $$the gas constant, $$T is $$temperature, $$F is $$Faraday's constant, $$[\text{ion}]_{out}$$ and $$[\text{ion}]_{in}$$ are the ion concentrations outside and inside the cell)?

$$V_m = \frac{RT}{zF} \log \left( \frac{[\text{ion}]_{out}}{[\text{ion}]_{in}} \right)$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy studies the structure of body parts, while physiology studies their function.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness due to a deficiency in ATP production. Which cellular organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 3

Which of the following is a characteristic shared by all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Responsiveness to stimuli

Question 4

A molecule of water ($$\mathrm{H_2O}) is $$held together by which type of chemical bond?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of pH from hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{pH} = -\log_{10} [\mathrm{H^+}]$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It transports sodium and potassium ions against their concentration gradients using ATP.

Question 7

A tissue sample is observed to have cells embedded in a matrix rich in collagen fibers and ground substance. Which type of tissue is most likely being examined?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Question 9

A person with a deficiency in melanin production is likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Reduced protection from ultraviolet (UV) radiation

Question 10

Which formula correctly represents the calculation of bone mass density ($$\mathrm{BMD}) $$given bone mass ($$m) $$and bone volume ($$V$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{BMD} = \frac{m}{V}$$

Question 11

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Question 12

A synovial joint is characterized by which structural feature?

Accepted Answer

A fluid-filled joint cavity surrounded by a capsule

Question 13

Which equation best represents the force generated by a muscle ($$F) $$given cross-sectional area ($$A) $$and muscle tension ($$T$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$F = A 	imes T$$

Question 14

During muscle contraction, which event directly requires ATP?

Accepted Answer

Detachment of myosin heads from actin filaments

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the propagation of an action potential along a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction, jumping from node to node

Question 16

Which equation represents the calculation of membrane potential ($$V_m) $$using the Nernst equation for a single ion ($$z is $$the ion charge, $$R is $$the gas constant, $$T is $$temperature, $$F is $$Faraday's constant, $$[	ext{ion}]_{out}$$ and $$[	ext{ion}]_{in}$$ are the ion concentrations outside and inside the cell)?

Accepted Answer

$$V_m = \frac{RT}{zF} \log \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{out}}{[	ext{ion}]_{in}} ight)$$

Question 17

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cell

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

It prevents most pathogens and toxins from entering the brain while allowing essential nutrients.

Question 19

Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Optic nerve (II)

Question 20

A patient is unable to taste sweet foods but can still taste salty and sour. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (VII)

Comprehensive Study Notes for Anatomy and Physiology (Chapters 1–15)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards