Question 1

A patient is admitted to the emergency room with severe blood loss. The body responds by increasing heart rate and constricting blood vessels to maintain blood pressure. Which physiological principle does this scenario best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback, because the body counteracts the disturbance to restore homeostasis.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?

Accepted Answer

Standing upright, arms at sides, palms facing forward, feet together.

Question 3

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$5$$

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a biological molecule and its basic building block?

Accepted Answer

Lipid – Fatty acid

Question 5

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which type of solution was it placed in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 6

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

The copying of DNA into mRNA in the nucleus.

Question 8

Which type of epithelial tissue is best adapted for diffusion and filtration, and where is it commonly found?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous; alveoli of lungs

Question 9

A burn patient is assessed using the 'rule of 9s.' If the entire anterior and posterior surfaces of one leg are burned, what percentage of the body surface area is affected?

Accepted Answer

$$18\%$$

Question 10

Which bone cell type is responsible for breaking down bone matrix during bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 11

A patient with osteoporosis is prescribed a drug that increases calcitonin secretion. What effect will this have on blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Decrease blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclasts.

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic of synovial joints?

Accepted Answer

They contain a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the menisci in the knee joint?

Accepted Answer

Provide cushioning and improve the fit between femur and tibia.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts form bone collar, cartilage calcifies, primary ossification center forms.

Question 15

A patient is unable to abduct their arm at the shoulder joint. Which structure is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Deltoid muscle

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires carrier proteins and ATP; facilitated diffusion does not require ATP.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of gap junctions between cells?

Accepted Answer

Allow direct communication and passage of ions between cells.

Question 18

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Striated cells with intercalated discs.

Question 19

A patient presents with a fracture in the diaphysis of the femur. Which part of the bone is affected?

Accepted Answer

The shaft or long central portion.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular processes by releasing a phosphate group.

Comprehensive Study Notes for Anatomy and Physiology: Chapters 1–9

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards