Question 1

A patient is admitted to the emergency room with severe dehydration. Which of the following best describes what will happen to their red blood cells if they are given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic relative to their plasma?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells will shrink as water leaves the cells by osmosis.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium-potassium pump ($$\mathrm{Na^+/K^+}$$ ATPase) in maintaining cellular homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.

Question 3

A patient with a genetic defect cannot produce functional lysosomes. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular digestion of worn-out organelles and foreign substances

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information for the cell

Question 5

A tissue sample is observed to have cells that are tightly packed, form continuous sheets, and have one free surface exposed to the body’s exterior or a cavity. Which tissue type is this?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue

Question 6

A burn patient is diagnosed with a third-degree burn. Which of the following is true regarding this type of burn?

Accepted Answer

It destroys both the epidermis and dermis, often resulting in numbness due to nerve damage.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between endochondral and intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification forms bone from a cartilage model, while intramembranous ossification forms bone directly from mesenchyme.

Question 8

A patient is unable to abduct their arm at the shoulder joint. Which type of synovial joint movement is impaired?

Accepted Answer

Angular

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why axonal regeneration is more successful in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) than in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells in the PNS form regeneration tubes and secrete growth factors, while inhibitory factors and lack of regeneration tubes in the CNS prevent regrowth.

Question 10

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for the sense of smell?

Accepted Answer

Olfactory nerve (I)

Question 11

A patient presents with a tumor compressing the dorsal root of a spinal nerve. Which function is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input from the body to the spinal cord

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

It protects the brain by restricting passage of certain substances from the blood into the brain tissue.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a glial cell and its function?

Accepted Answer

Microglia – act as immune defense cells in the CNS

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

The somatic nervous system uses a single neuron from the CNS to the effector, while the autonomic nervous system uses a two-neuron chain.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Protection against mechanical injury and pathogens

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

The process by which mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template in the nucleus

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the organization of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They break down bone matrix, releasing calcium into the blood.

Question 19

A person is exposed to a cold environment. Which of the following best describes the homeostatic response involving negative feedback?

Accepted Answer

The body initiates shivering to generate heat and restore normal body temperature.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of the anatomical position?

Accepted Answer

Body standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides with palms facing forward

Comprehensive Study Notes for ANP College Course: Human Body Systems and Organization

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards