Question 1

A patient presents with swelling in the right lower limb. Which lymph nodes are most likely responsible for filtering lymph from this region, and what is the main lymphatic trunk that would eventually drain this lymph into the venous system?

Accepted Answer

Inguinal lymph nodes; thoracic duct

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the function of the spleen in the lymphatic and circulatory systems?

Accepted Answer

It removes old or damaged red blood cells, stores platelets, and initiates immune responses to blood-borne antigens.

Question 3

A child with a congenital absence of the thymus would most likely have a deficiency in which type of immune cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

T lymphocytes, because the thymus is required for their maturation.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why the left lung has fewer lobes than the right lung?

Accepted Answer

The left lung has a cardiac notch to accommodate the heart.

Question 5

A patient has difficulty equalizing pressure in the middle ear during flights. Which anatomical structure is most likely dysfunctional?

Accepted Answer

Auditory (pharyngotympanic) tube

Question 6

During a surgical procedure, a physician notes that an organ is located behind the peritoneum and is not completely surrounded by it. Which of the following organs fits this description?

Accepted Answer

Kidney

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the sequence of urine flow from the renal papilla to the ureter?

Accepted Answer

Minor calyx → major calyx → renal pelvis → ureter

Question 8

A patient with a deficiency in intrinsic factor is likely to develop which condition, and which stomach cell type is responsible for its secretion?

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia; parietal cells

Question 9

Which histological layer of the alimentary tract is primarily responsible for peristalsis and segmentation?

Accepted Answer

Muscularis

Question 10

A patient is unable to concentrate urine and produces large volumes of dilute urine. Which hormone is most likely deficient, and what is its normal effect on the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference in epithelial lining between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron?

Accepted Answer

PCT has simple cuboidal epithelium with long microvilli; DCT has simple cuboidal epithelium lacking microvilli.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct order of the histological layers of the uterus from innermost to outermost?

Accepted Answer

Endometrium → myometrium → perimetrium

Question 13

A patient with a blockage at the ileocecal valve would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Impaired movement of chyme from the small intestine to the large intestine

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the vasa recta in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

They supply blood to the medulla and play a role in concentrating urine.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a salivary gland and its anatomical location?

Accepted Answer

Submandibular gland; beneath the mandible

Question 16

A patient with a tumor compressing the right lymphatic duct would most likely have impaired lymph drainage from which region?

Accepted Answer

Right upper limb

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the trachea and esophagus in the neck?

Accepted Answer

The trachea is anterior to the esophagus.

Question 18

Which part of the uterine tube is typically the site of fertilization, and what is its anatomical characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Ampulla; widest and longest portion

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the afferent arteriole is larger in diameter than the efferent arteriole in the renal corpuscle?

Accepted Answer

To maintain high glomerular filtration pressure for effective filtration

Question 20

A patient with a lesion in the detrusor muscle would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty contracting the urinary bladder during urination

Comprehensive Study Notes: Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, and Reproductive Systems

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards