Q: Which equation best represents the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction?

$ \text{Actin} + \text{Myosin} \rightarrow \text{Cross-bridge formation} \rightarrow \text{Power stroke} $

Q: Which equation represents the calculation of total number of phalanges in both hands?

$ (4 \text{ fingers} \times 3) + (1 \text{ thumb} \times 2) = 14 $

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact bone and spongy bone in terms of structure and function?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones, providing strength for weight-bearing, while spongy bone contains trabeculae and is found at the ends of long bones, aiding in shock absorption.

Question 2

A patient suffers a fracture at the surgical neck of the humerus. Which anatomical feature is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Axillary nerve

Question 3

Which two processes form the zygomatic arch?

Accepted Answer

Temporal process of the zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of the temporal bone

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 5

A football player sustains an injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Which joint is affected and what is the primary function of the ACL?

Accepted Answer

Knee joint; prevents anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur

Question 6

Which bone feature is classified as a raised projection and often serves as an attachment site for muscles?

Accepted Answer

Tuberosity

Question 7

Which of the following correctly matches the bone and its anatomical feature?

Accepted Answer

Radius – Radial tuberosity

Question 8

Which equation best represents the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

$ 	ext{Actin} + 	ext{Myosin} ightarrow 	ext{Cross-bridge formation} ightarrow 	ext{Power stroke} $

Question 9

Which muscle is responsible for abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint?

Accepted Answer

Deltoid

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the central canal in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

It houses blood vessels and nerves within the osteon.

Question 11

A newborn is examined for fontanels. Which fontanel is located between the frontal and parietal bones?

Accepted Answer

Anterior fontanel

Question 12

Which of the following joints allows for circumduction, flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction?

Accepted Answer

Ball and socket joint

Question 13

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for knee extension?

Accepted Answer

Quadriceps femoris

Question 14

Which anatomical feature is found on the scapula and serves as an attachment site for the biceps brachii?

Accepted Answer

Coracoid process

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocytes in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteocytes maintain bone tissue and communicate with other bone cells via canaliculi.

Question 16

Which equation represents the calculation of total number of phalanges in both hands?

Accepted Answer

$ (4 	ext{ fingers} 	imes 3) + (1 	ext{ thumb} 	imes 2) = 14 $

Question 17

Which ligament stabilizes the lateral aspect of the knee joint?

Accepted Answer

Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament

Question 18

Which muscle is the primary agonist for flexion of the forearm at the elbow?

Accepted Answer

Biceps brachii

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between isotonic and isometric muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic contractions involve muscle length change with movement, while isometric contractions involve tension without length change.

Question 20

Which anatomical structure passes through the foramen magnum?

Accepted Answer

Spinal cord

Comprehensive Study Notes: Skeletal, Articular, and Muscular Systems in Human Anatomy & Physiology

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