Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of blood in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones for endocrine signaling

Question 2

Blood is composed of two major portions. Which of the following correctly identifies them?

Accepted Answer

Plasma and formed elements

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of albumin in plasma?

Accepted Answer

It maintains osmotic pressure and transports substances

Question 4

A patient is found to have a deficiency in fibrinogen. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the oxygen binding capacity of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{Hb} + 4\mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{Hb}(\mathrm{O}_2)_4$

Question 6

Which cell type is the precursor to all formed elements in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Hematopoietic stem cell

Question 7

A person living at high altitude is likely to have increased levels of which hormone, and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin; stimulates RBC production

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why sickle cell disease leads to anemia?

Accepted Answer

Sickled RBCs are destroyed more rapidly, reducing oxygen-carrying capacity

Question 9

Which of the following is a granulocyte found in blood?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 10

A patient presents with a high white blood cell count and abnormal lymphocyte morphology. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Leukemia

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between a thrombus and an embolus?

Accepted Answer

A thrombus is a stationary clot; an embolus is a clot that travels through the bloodstream

Question 12

Which of the following equations represents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin during the clotting cascade?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{Fibrinogen} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{Thrombin}} \mathrm{Fibrin}$

Question 13

A newborn develops hemolytic disease due to Rh incompatibility. Which scenario best explains this?

Accepted Answer

Mother is Rh-negative, baby is Rh-positive, and mother has been previously sensitized

Question 14

Which blood type is considered a universal donor, and why?

Accepted Answer

Type O negative; it lacks A, B, and Rh antigens

Question 15

Which of the following is an anticoagulant found in blood that prevents clot formation?

Accepted Answer

Heparin

Question 16

A patient with thrombocytopenia is at risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Excessive bleeding due to low platelet count

Question 17

Which process describes the breakdown and removal of a blood clot after healing?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinolysis

Question 18

A patient receives a blood transfusion with mismatched ABO blood type. What is the most likely immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis of donor red blood cells

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of bilirubin in the body?

Accepted Answer

It is a breakdown product of hemoglobin excreted in bile

Question 20

Which of the following equations represents the calculation of hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of RBCs}}{	ext{Total Blood Volume}} 	imes 100\%$

Comprehensive Study Notes: The Blood (Anatomy & Physiology)

Study Guide - Practice Questions