Q: Which equation correctly represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion?

$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion}]_{\text{outside}}}{[\text{ion}]_{\text{inside}}} \right)$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To coordinate and integrate the activities of the body by transmitting signals between different body parts

Question 2

Which supporting cell of the nervous system is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 3

A patient presents with loss of sensation in the right arm. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

It selectively restricts the movement of certain substances from the blood into the brain, protecting neural tissue

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion?

Accepted Answer

$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{outside}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{inside}}} ight)$

Question 6

Which neurotransmitter is primarily released by cholinergic neurons in the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 7

A patient has damage to the ventral root of a spinal nerve. Which function is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Motor output to skeletal muscles

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between graded potentials and action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials can summate and vary in amplitude, while action potentials are all-or-none and propagate without decrement

Question 9

Which structure is NOT part of the diencephalon?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the reticular formation?

Accepted Answer

Control of the sleep-wake cycle and consciousness

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the pathway of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Lateral ventricles → third ventricle → cerebral aqueduct → fourth ventricle → subarachnoid space

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It increases heart rate and dilates pupils during stress

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between electrical and chemical synapses?

Accepted Answer

Electrical synapses transmit signals via gap junctions for rapid communication, while chemical synapses use neurotransmitters for slower, modifiable transmission

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → Sensory neuron → Integration center → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 15

Which neurotransmitter is primarily released by adrenergic neurons in the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine

Question 16

A patient is unable to move their right leg after a spinal cord injury. Which tract is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Descending motor tract

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and regulating the blood-brain barrier

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system controls voluntary skeletal muscles, while autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about graded potentials?

Accepted Answer

They decrease in amplitude as they spread from the site of origin

Comprehensive Study Notes: The Nervous System (Anatomy & Physiology)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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