Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

They form myelin sheaths around MULTIPLE segments of axons in the CNS, increasing the speed of nerve impulse conduction.

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of sensation and motor control in their limbs. MRI reveals demyelination in the CNS. Which glial cell is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 3

Which equation best represents the Nernst potential for potassium ($$K^+) $$across a neuronal membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$E_K = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[K^+]_{out}}{[K^+]_{in}} \right)$$

Question 4

During the generation of an action potential, which event is responsible for the rapid depolarization phase?

Accepted Answer

Opening of voltage-gated $$Na^+$$ channels allowing sodium to enter the cell

Question 5

Which of the following statements about graded (local) potentials and action potentials is correct?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials are all-or-none events that propagate along the entire axon membrane.

Question 6

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness and loss of coordination. Which of the following best explains how demyelination affects nerve impulse transmission?

Accepted Answer

It decreases the speed of impulse transmission by disrupting saltatory conduction.

Question 7

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to stimulate skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors?

Accepted Answer

Nicotinic receptors are ligand-gated ion channels, while muscarinic receptors are G-protein coupled.

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the propagation speed of action potentials in different types of axons?

Accepted Answer

Type A fibers conduct impulses fastest because they are large and myelinated.

Question 10

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the dorsal root. Which function is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Sensory information from the body to the CNS

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the role of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

Accepted Answer

It restricts the movement of harmful substances from the general circulation into the CNS.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Promoting digestion and absorption of nutrients

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the ependymal cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They assist in producing and monitoring cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Question 14

A patient is unable to voluntarily move their right arm, but reflex movements are still present. Which motor neuron is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Upper motor neuron in the brain

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE about the fastest reflexes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They have just ONE synapse between the sensory and motor neuron.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the effect of activating beta-adrenergic receptors in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate and force of contraction

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the transmission of a neural impulse in a typical somatic motor pathway?

Accepted Answer

Upper motor neuron → lower motor neuron → neuromuscular junction → muscle fiber

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why saltatory conduction is faster than continuous conduction?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction allows action potentials to 'jump' from one node of Ranvier to the next, reducing the number of depolarizations needed.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the organization of the ventricles of the brain?

Accepted Answer

The third ventricle is located in the diencephalon and connects to the fourth ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct.

Comprehensive Study Notes: The Nervous System (Structure, Function, and Physiology)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards