Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the gonads in both males and females?

Accepted Answer

To produce gametes and secrete sex hormones

Question 2

A patient presents with a lack of secondary sex characteristics and low sperm count. Which structure is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Leydig (interstitial) cells in the testes

Question 3

During spermatogenesis, which of the following correctly represents the chromosome number in a primary spermatocyte?

Accepted Answer

$$2n$$

Question 4

Which accessory gland produces a milky fluid that activates sperm and is essential for sperm motility?

Accepted Answer

Prostate gland

Question 5

A woman experiences a regular 28-day menstrual cycle. On which day is ovulation most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Day 14

Question 6

Which hormone surge triggers ovulation in the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the epididymis?

Accepted Answer

Storage and maturation of sperm

Question 8

A patient with a blockage in the ductus deferens would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Inability of sperm to reach the urethra

Question 9

Which structure in the female reproductive system is responsible for producing progesterone after ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Corpus luteum

Question 10

Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by increased progesterone and preparation of the endometrium for implantation?

Accepted Answer

Secretory phase

Question 11

A mutation that prevents the formation of the SRY gene on the Y chromosome would most likely result in which developmental outcome?

Accepted Answer

Development of female gonads despite XY chromosomes

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why pregnant women are more prone to acid reflux?

Accepted Answer

The growing uterus compresses the stomach, leading to reflux

Question 13

Which of the following is a key difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Oogenesis begins before birth and pauses until puberty, while spermatogenesis begins at puberty

Question 14

A patient is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome (XXY). Which of the following reproductive effects is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Impaired spermatogenesis and possible infertility

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the greater vestibular (Bartholin's) glands in the female reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of mucus for vaginal lubrication

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct effect of testosterone in males?

Accepted Answer

Development of secondary sex characteristics

Question 17

A woman is unable to produce sufficient estrogen after menopause. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of osteoporosis

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the testes are located outside the abdominal cavity in the scrotum?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a temperature lower than core body temperature for optimal spermatogenesis

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of milk for infant nutrition

Question 20

A newborn is exposed to a teratogen during the first trimester of pregnancy. Which of the following is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of congenital malformations

Comprehensive Study Notes: The Reproductive System (Anatomy & Physiology)

Study Guide - Practice Questions