Question 1

Which of the following correctly describes the role of feedback loops in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Feedback loops regulate internal variables to maintain stability.

Question 2

Which of the following is a major class of biological macromolecules primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and serves as a primary energy source?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 3

In the context of signal transduction and tissue homeostasis, what is the significance of gap junctions, and which proteins primarily compose these junctions?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions - Composed of connexins, they allow direct cytoplasmic exchange of ions and small molecules, facilitating coordinated cellular responses.

Question 4

What is the main function of intermediate filaments in cells?

Accepted Answer

Structural support

Question 5

What effect do enzymes have on the activation energy ($E_a$) of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes decrease the activation energy ($E_a$).

Question 6

Which of the following terms best describes bulk transport involving active transport mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

Carrier-mediated active transport

Question 7

In the phosphoinositide pathway, which second messengers are produced as a result of phospholipase C (PLC) activation?

Accepted Answer

IP$_3$ and DAG

Question 8

In which region of a neuron does an action potential usually start?

Accepted Answer

Axon hillock

Question 9

The following includes the functions of the cerebrum, except:

Accepted Answer

Sleep-wake cycle

Question 10

Which of the following plays a vital role in the sensory perception of taste and smell?

Accepted Answer

Chemoreceptors

Question 11

If a neurotransmitter can cause hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic neuron, this neurotransmitter is considered a(n):

Accepted Answer

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

Question 12

Which of the following muscles is responsible for the involuntary movement of substances through the intestines?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscles

Question 13

The following are nerves in the peripheral nervous system, except:

Accepted Answer

Optic nerve

Question 14

The adenohypophysis releases all of the following hormones into the circulation, except:

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 15

Which vein returns deoxygenated blood from the upper body and upper extremities to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Superior vena cava

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the change that occurs in hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia when either oxygen is unloaded or the oxygen content in the blood decreases below normal?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin undergoes polymerization

Question 17

The funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the kidney and funnels it into the ureter for transport to the bladder is called:

Accepted Answer

Renal pelvis

Question 18

Which anion in the ICF is an important component of the cell's primary energy currency?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate ions

Question 19

In the QRS complex on the ECG, any negative wave following after a positive wave is called:

Accepted Answer

S wave

Core Concepts in Anatomy & Physiology: Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards