Q: Which equation best represents the movement of water during osmosis across a selectively permeable membrane?

$$ \text{Water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a typical human cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a selectively permeable barrier that regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 2

A scientist observes that a certain molecule can diffuse directly through the phospholipid bilayer of a cell membrane without the help of proteins. Which property is most likely true of this molecule?

Accepted Answer

It is hydrophobic and nonpolar.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why glucose requires facilitated diffusion to cross the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is a large, polar molecule that cannot diffuse through the lipid bilayer.

Question 4

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and may burst because water will move into the cell.

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of integral proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They serve as channels or carriers for transport of specific molecules across the membrane.

Question 6

Which equation best represents the movement of water during osmosis across a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration} $$

Question 7

Which type of membrane transport requires energy in the form of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 8

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will shrink as water leaves the cells.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

It uses the energy stored in the gradient of one solute (often Na$$^+) to $$drive the transport of another solute.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for the cell

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of tight junctions between cells?

Accepted Answer

They prevent substances from passing between adjacent cells.

Question 12

A cell is observed to engulf a bacterium by surrounding it with its plasma membrane and bringing it into the cell. This process is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis (specifically phagocytosis)

Question 13

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It uses carrier or channel proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of peripheral proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They are loosely attached to integral proteins and provide support to the membrane.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic model'?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a flexible bilayer of phospholipids with proteins embedded throughout, allowing lateral movement.

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios is an example of primary active transport?

Accepted Answer

The pumping of Na$$^+$$ ions out of a cell using ATP.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the movement of molecules during simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 18

Which of the following cell junctions allows ions and small molecules to pass directly from one cell to another, facilitating rapid communication?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 19

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. Which equation best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{[Solute]_{solution} \u003c [Solute]_{cell}} $$

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about vesicular transport?

Accepted Answer

It involves the movement of large particles or fluids into or out of the cell via vesicles.

Cytology: The Study of Cells – Structure and Membrane Transport

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