Question 1

Which of the following best describes a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

A pathway involving sensory receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, and effector.

Question 2

During a patellar reflex test, which structure acts as the integration center?

Accepted Answer

The spinal cord

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Dilating pupils

Question 4

A patient presents with a blood pressure of 150/95 mmHg and a rapid heart rate. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is most likely dominant?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct structural difference between the human and rat digestive systems?

Accepted Answer

Rats have a larger cecum relative to body size compared to humans.

Question 6

Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Question 7

If a solution turns dark blue with Lugol’s iodine but remains red with Benedict’s reagent, what does this indicate about carbohydrate digestion?

Accepted Answer

Starch is still present; monosaccharides are absent.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of bile salts in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Emulsification of fats

Question 9

Which layer of the stomach is specialized for extra churning ability?

Accepted Answer

Oblique muscle layer

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 11

A patient’s urine sample contains glucose and protein. Which of the following best explains this finding?

Accepted Answer

Possible damage to the glomerular filtration barrier

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a normal feature of urine?

Accepted Answer

Presence of red blood cells

Question 13

Which organ is responsible for the production and storage of bile?

Accepted Answer

Liver produces bile; gallbladder stores bile.

Question 14

Which reagent is used to test for protein digestion in a laboratory experiment?

Accepted Answer

Biuret reagent

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the sphygmomanometer?

Accepted Answer

It measures blood pressure.

Question 16

Which enzyme is secreted by the stomach and is responsible for protein digestion?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin

Question 17

Which of the following structures is NOT considered an accessory digestive organ?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct pathway of urinary flow from the kidney to the outside of the body?

Accepted Answer

Renal pelvis → Ureter → Bladder → Urethra

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the enzyme lipase?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of fats into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct interpretation if a solution turns reddish-brown with Benedict’s reagent after digestion?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides are present, indicating carbohydrate digestion occurred.

Digestive and Urinary System: Reflexes, Enzymes, and Organ Structure

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