Question 1

Which layer of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract wall is primarily responsible for peristalsis and segmentation movements?

Accepted Answer

Muscularis

Question 2

A patient is unable to absorb vitamin B12 efficiently. Which gastric secretion is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic factor

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of bile produced by the liver?

Accepted Answer

Emulsifies lipids to aid in their digestion

Question 4

Which process is responsible for moving food through the esophagus to the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis

Question 5

A person consumes a meal high in carbohydrates. Which enzyme in saliva begins the digestion of starch?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Question 6

Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Temporary storage and elimination of waste

Question 8

Which pancreatic enzyme is responsible for digesting proteins in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Trypsin

Question 9

A patient has a blockage in the common bile duct. Which digestive process will be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Emulsification and digestion of fats

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why the stomach does not digest itself?

Accepted Answer

The stomach wall is protected by a thick layer of mucus

Question 11

Which vitamin is synthesized by intestinal microbiota in the colon?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding absorption in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Most water is absorbed in the small intestine

Question 13

Which of the following is a complete protein source containing all essential amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Eggs

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the hepatic portal system?

Accepted Answer

Transports nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

Excretes nitrogenous wastes and excess solutes

Question 16

Which of the following statements about lipids is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Trans fats are produced by hydrogenation of vegetable oils

Question 17

Which formula correctly represents the breakdown of a disaccharide into two monosaccharides by hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

$C_{12}H_{22}O_{11} + H_{2}O \rightarrow 2C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}$

Question 18

A patient has a deficiency in pancreatic lipase. Which nutrient will be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 19

Which structure increases the surface area for absorption in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Villi

Question 20

Which of the following is a trace mineral required in amounts less than 100 mg per day?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Digestive and Urinary Systems: Structure, Function, and Nutrient Processing

Study Guide - Practice Questions