Question 1

Which of the following is a primary digestive organ?

Accepted Answer

Stomach

Question 2

Which enzyme is responsible for the initial breakdown of carbohydrates in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase

Question 3

What is the main function of the gastroesophageal sphincter?

Accepted Answer

To prevent backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus

Question 4

Which cell type in the stomach secretes hydrochloric acid ($$\mathrm{HCl}$$)?

Accepted Answer

Parietal cells

Question 5

What is the significance of the gastric mucosal barrier (GMB)?

Accepted Answer

It protects the stomach lining from acidic gastric juice

Question 6

Which phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the sight, smell, or thought of food?

Accepted Answer

Cephalic phase

Question 7

Which of the following best describes peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

Wave-like contractions that propel food through the digestive tract

Question 8

What is the primary role of bile in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Emulsification of fats

Question 9

Which hormone stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 10

Which enzyme activates the major inactive proteases in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Enteropeptidase

Question 11

Which of the following is a brush border enzyme involved in carbohydrate digestion?

Accepted Answer

Lactase

Question 12

What is the ideal pH for pancreatic lipase activity?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = 7-8$$

Question 13

How are chylomicrons transported after their formation in the enterocyte?

Accepted Answer

Into lacteals (lymphatic vessels)

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the ileocecal valve?

Accepted Answer

Prevents backflow of feces into the small intestine

Question 15

Which process is responsible for the mass movement of fecal material in the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Mass movements

Question 16

A patient with a damaged gastric mucosal barrier (GMB) is at increased risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Peptic ulcers

Question 17

Which of the following meals would stay in the stomach the longest?

Accepted Answer

A meal high in fats

Question 18

Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor (IF) for absorption in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Question 19

Which of the following sugars is digested by the brush border enzyme sucrase?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between reabsorption of fats and proteins/carbohydrates in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Fats are absorbed into lacteals, while proteins and carbohydrates are absorbed into capillaries

Digestive Physiology: Study Guide for College ANP Students

Study Guide - Practice Questions