Question 1

Which of the following correctly lists the order of the layers (tunics) of the GI tract from the lumen (inside) outward?

Accepted Answer

Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis externa, Serosa

Question 2

A patient has a blockage at the hepatopancreatic ampulla. Which digestive secretions would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Bile from the liver and pancreatic juice from the pancreas

Question 3

Which part of the small intestine is the shortest, and which is the longest?

Accepted Answer

Duodenum is shortest; ileum is longest

Question 4

During swallowing (deglutition), which phase is voluntary and which is involuntary?

Accepted Answer

Oral phase is voluntary; pharyngeal and esophageal phases are involuntary

Question 5

Which of the following passageways is for air only, not food?

Accepted Answer

Nasopharynx

Question 6

What is the function of lacteals in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of dietary lipids

Question 7

Which cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid ($$HCl$$)?

Accepted Answer

Parietal cells

Question 8

Where does protein digestion begin in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Stomach

Question 9

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Question 10

A patient has a disease affecting the hepatic portal circulation. Which of the following is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Transport of absorbed nutrients from the GI tract to the liver

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the mucosal epithelial shift at the esophagus-stomach junction?

Accepted Answer

From stratified squamous epithelium to simple columnar epithelium

Question 12

Which digestive organ is considered accessory in function?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

Question 13

Which of the following best describes retropulsion in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

The backward movement of chyme against a closed pyloric sphincter

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the muscularis externa of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

It has three layers: longitudinal, circular, and oblique

Question 15

Which pancreatic cells are responsible for endocrine function?

Accepted Answer

Islets of Langerhans (pancreatic islet cells)

Question 16

A meal high in fat requires which accessory organ secretions for proper digestion?

Accepted Answer

Bile from the liver and lipase from the pancreas

Question 17

Which of the following best defines 'retroperitoneal'?

Accepted Answer

An organ located behind the peritoneum

Question 18

Which of the following is the first part of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Cecum

Question 19

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down lipids?

Accepted Answer

Lipase

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the visceral peritoneum?

Accepted Answer

It covers the external surfaces of most digestive organs

Digestive System: Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions