Q: Which equation correctly represents the overall reaction for aerobic cellular respiration of glucose?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\,\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\,\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\,\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following correctly lists the four major layers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract from innermost to outermost?

Accepted Answer

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

Question 2

A patient presents with difficulty swallowing (dysphagia). Which structure is most likely affected, and what is the primary function of this structure?

Accepted Answer

Esophagus; propulsion of food via peristalsis

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the role of chief cells in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Secrete pepsinogen, which is activated to pepsin

Question 4

During carbohydrate metabolism, how many ATP molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose during aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$36 to$$ $$38$$

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of digestive enzymes into the duodenum

Question 6

Which sphincter controls the passage of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Pyloric sphincter

Question 7

A patient is unable to absorb vitamin B12 efficiently. Which gastric secretion is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic factor

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate

Question 9

Which part of the digestive tract is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 10

Which of the following nutrients does NOT provide energy for the human body?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins

Question 11

Which equation correctly represents the overall reaction for aerobic cellular respiration of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\,\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\,\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\,\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Reabsorption of water and formation of feces

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why fiber is important in the human diet?

Accepted Answer

It promotes regular bowel movements and supports gut health

Question 14

Which of the following is a product of anaerobic glycolysis in human muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid ($$\mathrm{C_3H_6O_3})$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of bile in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Emulsifies fats to aid in their digestion and absorption

Question 16

A patient has a blockage in the pancreatic duct. Which digestive process will be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Fat and carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine

Question 17

Which of the following minerals is essential for oxygen transport in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

Rhythmic contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle to propel food through the GI tract

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct order of the segments of the small intestine from proximal to distal?

Accepted Answer

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as the main energy currency for cellular processes

Digestive System and Metabolism: Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology

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