$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract?

Accepted Answer

The rhythmic contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle to propel food forward

Question 2

Which layer of the gastrointestinal tract is primarily responsible for absorption of nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Mucosa

Question 3

A patient presents with a deficiency in intrinsic factor. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired absorption of vitamin B12

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall reaction for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why bile is important for digestion?

Accepted Answer

It emulsifies fats, increasing their surface area for enzyme action

Question 6

Which enzyme is secreted in an inactive form and activated in the small intestine to digest proteins?

Accepted Answer

Trypsinogen

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of water and electrolytes

Question 8

During anaerobic conditions, glucose is converted to lactic acid. Which equation represents this process?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ \rightarrow 2C_3H_6O_3 + 2ATP$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the hepatic portal vein?

Accepted Answer

It transports nutrient-rich blood from the GI tract to the liver

Question 10

Which of the following hormones stimulates the secretion of HCl from parietal cells in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Question 11

A patient has a blockage in the common bile duct. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired fat digestion and absorption

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of brush border enzymes in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

They complete the final steps of digestion for carbohydrates and proteins

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of enzyme and substrate?

Accepted Answer

Amylase – starch

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the significance of the Na+/glucose symporter in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

It allows glucose absorption against its concentration gradient using sodium ion movement

Question 15

Which of the following is a major function of the gallbladder?

Accepted Answer

Storage and concentration of bile

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the main function of cholecystokinin (CCK)?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates contraction of the gallbladder and release of pancreatic enzymes

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the cephalic phase of gastric secretion?

Accepted Answer

It is triggered by the sight, smell, or thought of food and prepares the stomach for digestion

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why glucose is phosphorylated upon entering a cell?

Accepted Answer

To trap glucose inside the cell and prepare it for metabolism

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the swallowing (deglutition) reflex?

Accepted Answer

Voluntary movement of bolus to oropharynx, closure of nasopharynx, elevation of larynx, peristalsis in esophagus

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the main function of the enzyme lactase?

Accepted Answer

Breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose

Digestive System and Metabolism: Test 1 Review Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions