Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of water and electrolytes

Question 2

A patient presents with pain in the lower right abdomen and periumbilical region. Imaging reveals an inflamed appendix. Which anatomical feature explains the initial visceral pain?

Accepted Answer

Visceral innervation of the appendix

Question 3

Which structure marks the division between the upper involuntary and lower voluntary portions of the anal canal?

Accepted Answer

Pectinate line

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the gallbladder?

Accepted Answer

It stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of hepatocytes in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of poisons such as alcohol

Question 6

A patient with chronic alcoholism develops cirrhosis. Which process is most affected in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of blood

Question 7

Which of the following correctly matches the organ with its embryological gut derivative?

Accepted Answer

Duodenum – Foregut

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the peritoneal cavity is correct?

Accepted Answer

It surrounds GI organs but contains no organs within its cavity

Question 9

Which of the following structures is NOT found in the rectum?

Accepted Answer

Taenia coli

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the defecation reflex?

Accepted Answer

It involves visceral sensory and motor fibers, and conscious inhibition by the cerebral cortex

Question 11

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the large intestine's microscopic anatomy?

Accepted Answer

Many goblet cells in intestinal crypts

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Its exocrine function is to produce digestive enzymes for the small intestine

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly represents the percentage of liver weight in a late fetus compared to an adult?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{5\%}{2.5\%} = 2$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the greater omentum?

Accepted Answer

Functions in wound healing and immune defense

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE about the taenia coli?

Accepted Answer

It consists of three strips of longitudinal muscle in the colon

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a component of the portal triad in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Central vein

Question 17

Which of the following organs is considered retroperitoneal?

Accepted Answer

Kidneys

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the anal canal is correct?

Accepted Answer

The internal anal sphincter is composed of smooth muscle and is involuntary

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why gallstones can cause intense pain (biliary colic)?

Accepted Answer

Gallstones obstruct the bile duct, increasing pressure and causing spasmodic pain

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the mesentery?

Accepted Answer

It is lost if an organ is pushed against the posterior body wall during development

Digestive System II: Anatomy & Physiology of the Abdominal Cavity and Associated Organs

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