Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the main function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

It absorbs water and electrolytes from digested residue.

Question 2

A patient presents with pain in the lower right abdomen and periumbilical region. Imaging reveals an inflamed appendix. Which anatomical feature explains the initial visceral pain location?

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of the visceral sensory fibers

Question 3

Which structure marks the division between the upper involuntary and lower voluntary portions of the anal canal?

Accepted Answer

Pectinate line

Question 4

During defecation, which muscle relaxes under conscious control to allow passage of feces?

Accepted Answer

External anal sphincter

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the microscopic anatomy of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorptive cells (colonocytes) take in water and electrolytes.

Question 6

Which anatomical feature is unique to the colon and NOT found in the rectum?

Accepted Answer

Taenia coli

Question 7

A patient with alcoholic cirrhosis is experiencing impaired detoxification. Which liver cell type is primarily responsible for detoxifying poisons such as alcohol?

Accepted Answer

Hepatocytes

Question 8

Which of the following correctly matches the organ with its embryological gut derivative?

Accepted Answer

Duodenum – Foregut

Question 9

Which statement about the gallbladder is correct?

Accepted Answer

It stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the greater omentum?

Accepted Answer

Attaches the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of acinar cells in the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

They make, store, and secrete digestive enzymes.

Question 12

Which equation best represents the percentage of liver weight in a late fetus compared to an adult?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{5\%}{2.5\%} = 2$$

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a component of the portal triad in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Central vein

Question 14

A patient has a blockage at the Ampulla of Vater. Which two ducts are most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Bile duct and main pancreatic duct

Question 15

Which of the following organs is considered retroperitoneal?

Accepted Answer

Kidneys

Question 16

Which layer of the peritoneum directly lines the abdominal organs?

Accepted Answer

Visceral peritoneum

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the passage of bile from the liver to the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

Bile canaliculi → bile duct → ampulla of Vater → duodenum

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the peritoneal cavity contains no organs within it?

Accepted Answer

Organs are suspended by the mesentery and surrounded by peritoneum.

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of losing the mesentery during development?

Accepted Answer

The organ becomes retroperitoneal.

Digestive System II: Anatomy & Physiology of the Abdominal Cavity, Large Intestine, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, and Peritoneum

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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