Question 1

Which of the following best explains why intrinsic factor secretion by parietal cells is essential for life?

Accepted Answer

It is required for the absorption of vitamin B12, which is necessary for erythropoiesis.

Question 2

A patient with pernicious anemia most likely has a deficiency in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic factor

Question 3

Which of the following is the primary stimulus for pepsinogen secretion from chief cells?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 4

During the gastric phase of gastric secretion, which combination of signals most strongly stimulates acid secretion?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin, acetylcholine, and histamine

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl)?

Accepted Answer

H+ ions are actively transported into the stomach lumen by the H+-K+ ATPase pump, while Cl- ions diffuse through membrane channels.

Question 6

Which of the following events occurs during the intestinal phase of gastric secretion?

Accepted Answer

The presence of fatty, acidic, or hypertonic chyme in the duodenum inhibits gastric secretion via enterogastrones.

Question 7

Which hormone is released in response to fatty chyme in the duodenum and stimulates both gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 8

A patient has a blockage at the hepatopancreatic ampulla. Which of the following consequences is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Both bile and pancreatic juice are prevented from entering the duodenum.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of bile salts in digestion?

Accepted Answer

They emulsify fats, increasing the surface area for lipase action.

Question 10

Which of the following is a direct result of the alkaline tide that occurs during gastric acid secretion?

Accepted Answer

An increase in blood pH due to the movement of $$\mathrm{$$HCO_3$$^-}$$ into the bloodstream.

Question 11

Which of the following is the main function of the gallbladder?

Accepted Answer

To store and concentrate bile produced by the liver.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why carbohydrate-rich chyme empties from the stomach faster than fatty chyme?

Accepted Answer

Fatty chyme stimulates the release of enterogastrones, which inhibit gastric motility.

Question 13

Which of the following cell types in the small intestine is responsible for secreting antimicrobial agents such as defensins and lysozyme?

Accepted Answer

Paneth cells

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the flow of bile from the liver to the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

Right/left hepatic duct → common hepatic duct → cystic duct → bile duct → duodenum

Question 15

Which enzyme is responsible for activating trypsinogen to trypsin in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Enteropeptidase

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the brush border in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

It increases surface area for absorption and contains enzymes for final digestion of nutrients.

Question 17

A patient with a mutation that prevents the recycling of bile salts would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired fat digestion and absorption

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the duodenal glands in the submucosa of the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of alkaline mucus to neutralize acidic chyme

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the presence of hypertonic chyme in the duodenum inhibits gastric emptying?

Accepted Answer

It triggers the release of enterogastrones, which decrease gastric motility and secretion.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the basic electrical rhythm (BER) of the stomach is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is generated by enteric pacemaker cells and coordinates peristaltic contractions.

Digestive System Part 2: Stomach, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, and Small Intestine

Study Guide - Practice Questions