Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of most nutrients such as glucose and amino acids

Question 2

Which segment of the colon is responsible for moving fecal material from the left colic flexure to the sigmoid flexure?

Accepted Answer

Descending colon

Question 3

What is the primary function of the taeniae coli in the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

To create longitudinal muscle bands that aid in peristalsis

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the composition of feces ejected from the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

75% water, 5% bacteria, 20% indigestible material and other components

Question 5

Which hormone is released by the duodenum in response to the arrival of acidic chyme and stimulates the pancreas to release buffers?

Accepted Answer

Secretin

Question 6

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin K absorption is most likely to have a disorder affecting which part of the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Large intestine

Question 7

Which structure allows the colon to expand and elongate as fecal material passes through?

Accepted Answer

Haustra

Question 8

During which phase of gastric secretion does the CNS prepare the stomach for food by increasing gastric juice secretion?

Accepted Answer

Cephalic phase

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the large intestine does not produce digestive enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Its primary role is water and vitamin absorption, not digestion

Question 10

Which hormone is released in response to fats and carbohydrates in the small intestine and stimulates insulin release?

Accepted Answer

Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)

Question 11

A patient presents with enlarged veins in the wall of the anal canal. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Hemorrhoids

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the effect of cholecystokinin (CCK) on the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

It increases enzyme secretion from the pancreas and bile release from the gallbladder

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the intestinal phase of gastric secretion?

Accepted Answer

Chyme enters duodenum → Enterogastric reflex inhibits gastrin → Gastric motility decreases

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why mucus is abundant in the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

To lubricate and protect the intestinal wall from drier, more compact fecal material

Question 15

Which of the following vitamins is NOT primarily absorbed in the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 16

If a patient has a mutation that prevents the formation of the internal anal sphincter, which of the following would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

Involuntary control of defecation would be impaired

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of bacterial action in the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Liberates vitamins such as K, B5, and biotin for absorption

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Dilation of regional capillaries to increase nutrient absorption

Question 19

A patient with chronic diarrhea is losing large amounts of water in their feces. Which process in the large intestine is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Osmotic reabsorption of water

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the epithelial transition in the anal canal?

Accepted Answer

From simple columnar to stratified squamous epithelium

Digestive System: Structure and Function of the Large Intestine and Digestive Regulation

Study Guide - Practice Questions